OVERVIEW
It’s never a bad idea to start prepping early for the tax filing deadline. Some people who file early may notice some changes, though, due to the newly passed Protect Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act, which might affect when you get your tax refund.
The PATH Act, passed in 2015, includes some changes to the tax law that affect tax filers with their 2016 and 2017 tax returns. It includes changes to two tax credits:
- The Additional Child Tax Credit (ACTC): The refundable portion of the Child Tax Credit (CTC)
- The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC): A means-based refundable tax credit that can be worth more than $6,000
Extended Tax Credits Under the PATH Act
The PATH Act includes some good news for those looking to claim the Additional Child Tax Credit (ACTC). This refundable credit allows eligible families a significant break on their taxes — up to 15% of the income they earned above an initial threshold of $3,000. For example:
- If a family earned $40,000, the possible 15% refund would be applied to $37,000 (the amount left after the $3,000 threshold).
- While expiring tax laws would have raised this threshold to $10,000 (potentially lowering the available refund amount), the PATH Act keeps the threshold at $3,000 permanently.
Similarly, the PATH Act permanently increases the income phase-out threshold for the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) by $5,000 for those who are married or filing jointly. This means that couples who earned a few thousand dollars more than would have been originally allowed may now be eligible to receive the full EITC for their income bracket.
The Trade-Off: A Delay in Some Tax Refunds
Most people claiming the EITC and ACTC can expect an overall tax refund. However, the PATH Act stipulates that the IRS must withhold refunds for filers who claim these tax credits until February 15.
So if you file before February 15, you're owed a tax refund and you're claiming either the ACTC or EITC, your entire refund will be withheld until at least the February 15 deadline. This delay allows the IRS time to match information from individual tax returns with information on the W-2 forms from employers, which are sent to the IRS by January 31, as a way of preventing identify theft and fraud.
Additional Changes to the EITC
The PATH Act made a few additional changes to the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) that may affect your tax returns. While you've always needed a valid Social Security number (SSN) to claim the EITC, the old tax law allowed you to retroactively claim the credit, even for those years when you did not yet have an SSN.
The PATH Act changed this, so you can no longer claim the EITC retroactively for years when you did not have a valid SSN. If you were counting on those retroactive refunds to bolster your tax return, you may be looking at a smaller refund than expected.
Provisions in the PATH Act make it even more important that you ensure you meet the requirements for the EITC before trying to claim it.
- The IRS now penalizes a taxpayer for erroneously claiming the EITC.
- The penalty may be based on your tax liability, with the EITC adjustment removed from your return.
- Mistakenly or erroneously claiming the EITC might also bar you from claiming the credit for up to 10 years in the future.
How Do I Know if I Qualify for the EITC and ACTC?
Consult this Earned Income Credit article for detailed guidelines on whether you qualify to claim the EITC. Remember, with TurboTax, we’ll ask you simple questions to maximize your tax deductions. We’ll automatically apply these credits if you’re eligible and do the calculations for you.
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