Key Takeaways
- You need to keep track of all your income sources, including cash payments, and report them accurately on Form 1040.
- If you earn $600 or more from any side job, you may receive Form 1099-NEC, 1099-MISC or 1099-K reporting your non-employee compensation.
- If you receive nonemployee compensation, you'll typically need to complete Schedule C, Profit or Loss From Business.
- You can reduce your self-employment income by claiming business deductions, which include ordinary and necessary expenses related to your work.
Keeping track
Having a side gig can help you make ends meet or build your rainy day fund. Income from freelancing, running your own small business, or working at a second job brings in extra income without requiring you to quit your day job. But, like your main source of income, a second job or multiple side gigs have to be reported on Form 1040 at tax time. Tracking your income and handling taxes for these multiple jobs can be tricky.
To help you with your tax preparation, we've laid out the information you need to know to get your taxes right. Let's look at important payment thresholds, questions about tracking and reporting cash payments, penalties for failing to report all your income, and useful deductions you can use to reduce your taxable income.
Reporting income to the IRS
If you're one of the millions of gig economy workers, such as a freelancer or contractor, you may have received payments totaling $600 or more from any one of your side jobs during the tax year. If so, the individual or company that paid you generally is required to supply you with Form 1099-NEC for nonemployee compensation. If you receive payments through online payment services such as PayPal, you might also receive a form 1099-K. Payers will also send these forms to the IRS to report your income.
Payers should send out 1099 forms by January 31 that state the dollar amount you earned and if they withheld anything from your payments. Withholding with 1099 forms isn't common, but it does happen. If you don't receive this form, you still have to report your earnings.
For example, if you earned less than $600 from a side gig, the payer doesn't have to send you a 1099 form, but you still have to report the earnings on your tax return. Failing to do so can result in penalties and fines. This also applies to cash payments you received for services you performed.
The IRS is gradually phasing in new 1099-K reporting requirements for payments from third-party processors like Venmo and Paypal. In 2021, Congress changed the reporting threshold from over $20,000 in payments and more than 200 transactions to over $600 in payments regardless of the number of transactions. But instead of using the new $600 threshold right away, the IRS applied the previous reporting threshold for the 2022 and 2023 tax years. For the 2024 tax year, the IRS plans to use a $5,000 threshold, regardless of the number of transactions. The tax agency hasn’t announced its plans for after 2024 yet. On the other hand, some states have already started using the $600 threshold for their own reporting requirements.
Reporting vs. not reporting nonemployee compensation
If you receive a 1099 form that reports your nonemployee compensation and you don't include the income on your tax return, you may be subject to a penalty for not including the income on your tax return. Failing to report this income can result in underreporting your income and your tax liability.
If this occurs and the IRS determines your tax liability to be substantially underreported, the IRS may impose an accuracy-related penalty equal to 20% of your tax underpayment. The IRS considers the understatement substantial if the underreported tax liability is more than the larger of 10% of the correct tax or $5,000 for individuals.
For example, if you fail to include $10,000 of nonemployee compensation on your tax return, this will result in you understating your taxable income by $10,000.
- If you're a single filer falling into the 22% income tax bracket, your penalty would be $440.
- $10,000 x 22% tax bracket x 20% accuracy-related penalty = $440
In addition to penalties on the the underpayment of income tax, you would typically be subjected to penalties on the underpayment of self-employment tax. These same accuracy-related penalty can also apply to unreported cash payments made to you if the IRS uncovers evidence of their existence.
TurboTax Tip:
If you use part of your home exclusively for business, you may be eligible to claim the home office deduction, which can further reduce your tax liability.
Understanding Form 1099-NEC on your return
To avoid an underpayment penalty, be sure to include your nonemployee compensation income on your Form 1040. In most cases, if you have nonemployee compensation, you'll need to complete Schedule C, Profit or Loss From Business. Once complete, you then transfer the net earnings that appear on this schedule to Form 1040 as well as Schedule SE for calculating self-employment tax.
If you have one or multiple side jobs, filing your taxes isn't remarkably different unless your jobs and sources of income are very different from each other. If they are, you may need to attach multiple Schedule Cs to your return.
For rents or royalties, these get reported on the newly reformatted 1099-MISC and will typically require you to complete Schedule E, Supplemental Income or Loss. This supplemental income or loss will then also transfer to Form 1040.
Using allowable deductions to trim your tax bill
Business expenses reduce your taxable income, lowering your tax bill. As a gig economy worker, you become eligible to deduct certain expenses from your self-employment income, which you can't do as a W-2 employee.
For example, if you're a rideshare driver, you should track the mileage on your car while ridesharing. You can deduct that portion of your mileage at the per-mile rate — which includes maintenance, gas, and insurance costs — at tax time.
To understand the expenses, you may be able to claim as a deduction, you'll need to first determine the difference between them.
- Ordinary expenses are those that are common and accepted for your business.
- Necessary expenses are those that are helpful and adequate for your business.
For example, a ski teacher might deduct their ski boots as an "ordinary expense," and a landscaper might deduct rent for a storage space used to store landscaping tools and equipment. While a storage space may not be required for landscaping, it can still be deducted as a "necessary expense" because it's helpful to the business.
Common deductible expenses related to your side gig include:
- business mileage on your car
- dues and subscriptions you paid to business-related organizations
- necessary tools and equipment
- tuition for work-related education and training costs
- home office tax deduction
Claiming the home office deduction
For the home office deduction, the rules for claiming this expense have changed since the recent tax reform. Prior to the Tax Cuts and Job Acts (TCJA) passing in 2017, employees could deduct reimbursed employee business expenses, which included the home office deduction. However, for tax years 2018 through 2025, the itemized deduction for unreimbursed employee business expenses has been eliminated. As a result, employees can no longer claim the home office deduction on their federal taxes, even when you are required to work from home.
If you're self-employed and own your own business, to qualify for the home office deduction, you have to meet the following criteria:
- Exclusive and regular use: You have to have a portion of your home or property set aside exclusively for your business as the place where you regularly conduct your business. This is true whether you live in a house, apartment, condominium, mobile home, or boat, and applies to outbuildings such as a garage, barn, or workshop. It doesn't include any part of your property used exclusively as an inn, bed and breakfast, or other hospitality business.
- Principal place of business: Your home office has to be the central location for all your business activities. If you’re a tradesperson such as a general contractor who can’t perform your work from one location, it can be the place you regularly use for administrative work such as accounting and communications. It can also be a place where you regularly meet with customers or clients. Some exceptions to this rule include day care and storage facilities.
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