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What Is an IRS 1099 Form?

Written by Riley Adams, CPA • Reviewed by a TurboTax CPAUpdated for Tax Year 2023 • September 17, 2024 3:48 PM
OVERVIEW

Learn about the IRS 1099 Form: See what it's for, who gets it, how to fix mistakes, the different kinds, and why e-filing makes it easier.

 

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Key Takeaways

  • Form 1099 is a collection of forms used to report payments that typically aren't from an employer.
  • 1099 forms can report different types of incomes. These can include payments to independent contractors, gambling winnings, rents, royalties, and more.
  • If you work as an independent contractor or freelancer, you'll likely have income reported on a 1099 form.
  • You should receive most of your 1099 forms by January 31 each year to report the preceding year’s payments to you.

What is a 1099 Form?

The IRS 1099 Forms are a group of tax forms that document payments made by an individual or a business that typically isn’t your employer. The business that pays the money fills out the form with the appropriate details and sends copies to you and the IRS. The form reports payments made during the tax year. In some instances, a copy is also sent to your state taxing authority. The payer is responsible for filling out the appropriate 1099 tax form and sending it to you. The IRS requires payers to provide most 1099 forms by January 31. In certain instances, the date is February 15.

What is a 1099 Form used for?

A 1099 Form documents payments from someone that typically isn’t your employer. This can be an individual, business, or entity, such as the government. There are different 1099 forms that report various types of income and how they were earned. These payments might be for interest, dividends, nonemployee compensation, retirement plan distributions. 

If you receive a 1099 form, it’s your responsibility to report the income earned on your tax return.

Who receives a 1099 Form?

Some common examples when you might receive a 1099 include:

  • You should receive a Form 1099-NEC if you earned $600 or more in nonemployee compensation from a person or business who isn’t typically your employer.
  • You should receive Form 1099-MISC if you earned $600 or more in rent or royalty payments.
  • You should receive Form 1099-G if you received a state or local tax refund during the previous year.

Likewise, if you paid a freelancer, independent contractor or other nonemployee $600 or more during the year related to your trade or business, you likely should send them a Form 1099-NEC.

Who sends 1099 forms?

Several types of 1099 forms exist to document payments made between individuals or businesses and another party. You can receive various 1099 forms for different reasons.

One of the most popular 1099 forms is the 1099-NEC for Nonemployee Compensation payments. If you’re an independent contractor or freelancer, you may receive a Form 1099-NEC documenting payments made to you throughout the year from a particular payer.

Payers who make Nonemployee Compensation payments below $600 are typically not required to file the 1099-NEC unless the payer withholds any amount of tax from the payments. However, they may do so if they wish. If you received less than $600 from a payer, you are still required to report the income on your tax return.

TurboTax Tip:

The 1099-NEC form should include payments made to you if they are $600 or more from a single source or if any federal tax was withheld. That is the threshold requiring a payer to file a Form 1099-NEC.

When are 1099s issued?

There are different due dates for different types of 1099 forms. For example, Form 1099-NEC is due by January 31st. If January 31st isn't a business day, then the due date moves to the next business day.

If you’re the one sending 1099 forms:

  1. Most 1099 forms are due to the recipient by January 31.
  2. If you’re mailing a paper form to the IRS, you typically have to send the 1099 by February 28 (postmarked by that date).
  3. If you're using tax software like TurboTax to send the forms to the IRS, we'll import the information for the form for you.
  4. Forms 1099-NEC are due to recipients and to the IRS by January 31 regardless of whether they are electronically or paper filed.

Payers are required to send you these forms early in the tax season. This gives you time to prepare your tax return. It also allows the IRS to have evidence of certain income you received during the tax year.

Despite the early due dates for sending these forms as a payer, you won’t need to file your own income tax return until the tax filing deadline.

The early due dates allow the IRS to verify income that individuals report on their tax returns. This helps the IRS detect refund fraud more easily.

See more on the types of 1099 forms below.

What are some of the most common types of 1099 Forms?

Two of the most common types of 1099 forms are 1099-NEC and 1099-MISC. Explore the information about each type of 1099 form below:

 Form Name  What It's For  Example  Filing Due Date
1099-NEC: Nonemployee Compensation Reports nonemployee compensation such as income earned as an independent contractor, freelancer, or self-employed individual. Worked as a rideshare driver, food delivery person, freelance writer, or other gig worker.

Due Date to Recipient: January 31

Due Date to IRS: January 31

1099-MISC: Miscellaneous Information For payments like rent, royalties, prizes and awards. Also used for substitute payments in lieu of dividends, medical and health care payments, crop insurance proceeds, and other items. Received rent payments for property you lease.

Due Date to Recipient: February 1 (or February 16 if substitute dividends and tax-exempt interest payments reportable by brokers or gross proceeds paid to attorneys)

Due Date to IRS: February 28 (or March 31 if filed electronically)

What’s the difference between the 1099-NEC vs. 1099-MISC?

What is the difference between the 1099-NEC and 1099-MISC forms? Before tax year 2020, business owners primarily used Form-1099 MISC to report nonemployee compensation. Starting in 2020, the IRS reintroduced the 1099-NEC Form to report nonemployee compensation. This change was made to provide a separate filing deadline for nonemployee compensation. Payments that use Form 1099-MISC have different deadlines.

Nonemployee compensation can include any payment for any services performed by a person who is not an employee. These individuals are commonly known as freelancers or independent contractors. Nonemployees are individuals that are not employees who are used by a business to do work. They can typically control or direct the outcome of the work but not what will be done or how the work will be done. Contract workers are also typically required to pay self-employment taxes. 

In contrast, as an employee, your compensation is usually reported on a Form W-2.

Now, Form 1099-NEC reports nonemployee compensation. The 1099-MISC still exists to report other types of miscellaneous income.

What are the other types of 1099 Forms?

Form Name What It’s For Example Filing Due Date
1099-A: Acquisition or Abandonment of Secured Property You may receive this form from your mortgage lender if it canceled some or all your mortgage as part of a property foreclosure. You may also receive it if you forfeited ownership of your property or had your property sold in a short sale. Your lender foreclosed on your house, canceling your mortgage.

Due Date to Recipient (Borrower): January 31

Due Date to IRS: For mailed paper returns, February 28. March 31 if e-filed online with tax software.

1099-B: Proceeds from Broker and Barter Exchange Transactions Reports sales of stocks, bonds, derivatives or other securities. These sales may be made through one or several brokers throughout the tax year. You sold stocks in a brokerage account.

Due Date to Recipient: February 15 (March 15 for reporting by trustees and middlemen of widely held fixed investment trusts (WHFITs))

Due Date to IRS: For mailed paper returns, February 28. March 31 if e-filed online with tax software

1099-C: Cancellation of Debt For entering into an agreement with a lender to negotiate a debt cancellation with them. Entered into an agreement with your lender to cancel all or part of your mortgage.

Due Date to Recipient: January 31

Due Date to IRS: For mailed paper returns, February 28. March 31 if e-filed online with tax software.

1099-DIV: Dividends and Distributions For receipt of dividends and/or certain distributions typically from investments Dividends from stocks.

Due Date to Recipient: January 31

Due Date to IRS: For mailed paper returns, February 28. March 31 if filed online with tax software.

1099-G: Certain Government Payments For reporting unemployment compensation. Also used to report any state or local income tax refunds during the year. CA state tax refund

Due Date to Recipient: January 31

Due Date to IRS: For mailed paper returns, February 28. March 31 if e-filed online with tax software

1099-INT: Interest Income For receipt of interest payments, and you may or may not need to pay income tax on this interest. You may still need to include the information from this form on your tax return. Savings account interest

Due Date to Recipient: January 31

Due Date to IRS: For mailed paper returns, February 28. March 31 if filed online with tax software.

1099-K: Payment Card and Third-Party Network Transactions

Reports credit card payments and third-party payment processing received over the internet. You should receive them if you run a business as an online retailer, ecommerce store or other online business.

For tax year 2023 and earlier, this form is issued when annual third-party network processing activity exceeds $20,000 and 200 individual transactions. For 2024, the threshold amount is expected to be $5,000 with no regard to the number of transactions.

There is no threshold for payment card transactions.

Payments issued through credit card companies or third-party payment providers, like PayPal, that reach a specific threshold.

Due Date to Recipient: January 31

Due Date to IRS: For mailed paper returns, February 28. March 31 if e-filed online with tax software.

1099-LTC: Long-Term Care and Accelerated Death Benefits

Reports payments under a long-term care insurance contract. Also shows accelerated death benefits paid under a life insurance contract or by a viatical settlement provider. Received payments from a long-term care insurance policy.

Due Date to Recipient: January 31

Due Date to IRS: For mailed paper returns, February 28. March 31 if e-filed online with tax software.

1099-OID: Original Issue Discount When you hold bonds or certificates of deposit (CDs) that were issued at an amount less than the face value, you typically recognize as income a portion of this discount each year until the bond is redeemed or it reaches its full matured value. Form 1099-OID reports this annual amount. You paid less than face value for bond investments purchased through a brokerage

Due Date to Recipient: January 31

Due Date to IRS: For mailed paper returns, February 28. March 31 if e-filed online with tax software.

1099-Q: Payments from Qualified Education Programs (Under Sections 529 and 530) Reports distributions from qualified tuition programs and Coverdell Education Savings Accounts (ESAs). You received a distribution from a 529 savings plan or a Coverdell ESA.

Due Date to Recipient: January 31

Due Date to IRS: For mailed paper returns, February 28. March 31 if e-filed online with tax software.

1099-QA: Distributions from ABLE Accounts Provides information related to distributions from Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) accounts You received a distribution from an ABLE account.

Due Date to Recipient: January 31

Due Date to IRS: For mailed paper returns, February 28. March 31 if e-filed online with tax software.

1099-R: Distributions from Pensions, Annuities, Retirement or Profit-Sharing Plans, IRAs, Insurance Contracts, Etc.

Reports distributions of retirement benefits of $10 or more. You received a distribution from your pension plan.

Due Date to Recipient: January 31

Due Date to IRS: For mailed paper returns, February 28. March 31 if e-filed online with tax software.

1099-S: Proceeds from Real Estate Transactions Reports gross proceeds from the sale or exchange of real estate. Also used for certain royalty payments. You sold your home.

Due Date to Recipient: February 15

Due Date to IRS: For mailed paper returns, February 28. March 31 if e-filed online with tax software.

1099-SA: Distributions from an HSA, Archer MSA, or Medicare Advantage MSA If you used funds from a tax-advantaged health care savings plan, the institution administering your plan will report distributions through Form 1099-SA Received distributions from your health savings account.

Due Date to Recipient: January 31

Due Date to IRS: For mailed paper returns, February 28. March 31 if e-filed online with tax software.

SSA-1099: Social Security Benefit Statement Reports the amount of benefits paid and repaid. Also shows Medicare premiums, federal income taxes, and other amounts withheld from your benefits. Received Social Security benefits.

Due Date to Recipient: January 31

Due Date to IRS: For mailed paper returns, February 28. March 31 if e-filed online with tax software.

What do I do if I don’t get all of my 1099 forms?

Even if you don’t receive the appropriate forms, you’re still responsible for paying taxes on all of your taxable income. If you didn’t receive a 1099, you still need to report the appropriate amount of income on your tax return. This will help you avoid a bill from the IRS for owed taxes and possible penalties.

If you haven’t received all your 1099s by the January 31st or February 15th deadlines, contact the person or business responsible for sending you the 1099 and request that they send you a copy of your 1099.

Can I file a 1099 Form electronically?

Yes, 1099 Forms can be filed electronically. 

You can file your 1099 form through tax service software or on paper forms. Filing tax forms electronically can offer several benefits, such as:

  • faster processing times
  • improved accuracy
  • increased security
  • ability to track the status of your tax return

What do I do if there is an error on my 1099 Form?

If you receive a 1099 form with an error, reach out to the business as soon as possible. Ask them to correct the error. 

In some cases, they may be able to correct the error before sending the incorrect 1099 form to the IRS.

If you’re an employer who submitted an incorrect 1099 Form, you’ll have to file a corrected form. Use the same method you used for the original form. Once complete, send a recipient copy to your contractor that they can use to file their taxes.

To understand more about tax deductions, visit our Self-Employed Tax Deduction Calculator for Contractors.

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The above article is intended to provide generalized financial information designed to educate a broad segment of the public; it does not give personalized tax, investment, legal, or other business and professional advice. Before taking any action, you should always seek the assistance of a professional who knows your particular situation for advice on taxes, your investments, the law, or any other business and professional matters that affect you and/or your business.

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  • 1099-K Snap and Autofill: Available in mobile app and mobile web only.

  • 1099-NEC Snap and Autofill: Available in TurboTax Premium (formerly Self-Employed) and TurboTax Live Assisted Premium (formerly Self-Employed). Available in mobile app only. Feature available within Schedule C tax form for TurboTax filers with 1099-NEC income.

  • Year-Round Tax Estimator: Available in TurboTax Premium (formerly Self-Employed) and TurboTax Live Assisted Premium (formerly Self-Employed). This product feature is only available after you finish and file in a self-employed TurboTax product.

  • **Refer a Friend: Rewards good for up to 20 friends, or $500 - see official terms and conditions for more details.

  • Refer your Expert (Intuit’s own experts): Rewards good for up to 20 referrals, or $500 - see official terms and conditions for more details.

  • Refer your Expert (TurboTax Verified Independent Pro): Rewards good for up to 20 referrals, or $500 - see official terms and conditions for more details.

  • Average Refund Amount: Sum of $3140 is the average refund American taxpayers received based upon IRS data date ending 2/17/23 and may not reflect actual refund amount received.

  • Average Deduction Amount: Based on the average amount of deductions/expenses found by TurboTax Self Employed customers who filed expenses on Schedule C in Tax Year 2022 and may not reflect actual deductions found.

  • More self-employed deductions based on the median amount of expenses found by TurboTax Premium (formerly Self Employed) customers who synced accounts, imported and categorized transactions compared to manual entry. Individual results may vary.

  • TurboTax Online Business Products: For TurboTax Live Assisted Business and TurboTax Full Service Business, we currently don’t support the following tax situations: C-Corps (Form 1120-C), Trust/Estates (Form 1041), Multiple state filings, Tax Exempt Entities/Non-Profits, Entities electing to be treated as a C-Corp, Schedule C Sole proprietorship, Payroll, Sales tax, Quarterly filings, and Foreign Income. TurboTax Live Assisted Business is currently available only in AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, KS, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, NC, NJ, NV, NY, OH, PA, RI, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, WA, WV and WY.

  • Audit Defense: Audit Defense is a third-party add-on service provided, for a fee, by TaxResources, Inc., dba Tax Audit. See Membership Agreements at https://turbotax.intuit.com/corp/softwarelicense/ for service terms and conditions. 

TURBOTAX DESKTOP GUARANTEES

TurboTax Desktop Individual Returns:

  • 100% Accurate Calculations Guarantee – Individual Returns: If you pay an IRS or state penalty or interest because of a TurboTax calculation error, we’ll pay you the penalty and interest. Excludes payment plans. This guarantee is good for the lifetime of your personal, individual tax return, which Intuit defines as seven years from the date you filed it with TurboTax Desktop. Excludes TurboTax Desktop Business returns. Additional terms and limitations apply. See License Agreement for details.

  • Maximum Refund Guarantee / Maximum Tax Savings Guarantee - or Your Money Back – Individual Returns: If you get a larger refund or smaller tax due from another tax preparation method by filing an amended return, we'll refund the applicable TurboTax federal and/or state software license purchase price you paid. This guarantee is good for the lifetime of your personal, individual tax return, which Intuit defines as seven years from the date you filed it with TurboTax Desktop. Excludes TurboTax Desktop Business returns. Additional terms and limitations apply. See License Agreement for details.

  • Audit Support Guarantee – Individual Returns: If you receive an audit letter from the IRS or State Department of Revenue based on your 2023 TurboTax individual tax return, we will provide one-on-one question-and-answer support with a tax professional, if requested through our Audit Support Center, for audited individual returns filed with TurboTax Desktop for the current 2023 tax year and, for individual, non-business returns, for the past two tax years (2021, 2022). Audit support is informational only. We will not represent you before the IRS or state tax authority or provide legal advice. If we are not able to connect you to one of our tax professionals, we will refund the applicable TurboTax federal and/or state license purchase price you paid. This guarantee is good for the lifetime of your personal, individual tax return, which Intuit defines as seven years from the date you filed it with TurboTax Desktop. Excludes TurboTax Desktop Business returns. Additional terms and limitations apply. See License Agreement for details.

  • Satisfaction Guarantee/ 60-Day Money Back Guarantee: If you're not completely satisfied with TurboTax Desktop, go to refundrequest.intuit.com within 60 days of purchase and follow the process listed to submit a refund request. You must return this product using your license code or order number and dated receipt.

TurboTax Desktop Business Returns:

  • 100% Accurate Calculations Guarantee – Business Returns: If you pay an IRS or state penalty or interest because of a TurboTax calculation error, we’ll pay you the penalty and interest. Excludes payment plans. You are responsible for paying any additional tax liability you may owe. Additional terms and limitations apply. See License Agreement for details.

  • Maximum Tax Savings Guarantee – Business Returns: If you get a smaller tax due (or larger business tax refund) from another tax preparation method using the same data, TurboTax will refund the applicable TurboTax Desktop Business license purchase price you paid. Additional terms and limitations apply. See License Agreement for details.

  • Satisfaction Guarantee/ 60-Day Money Back Guarantee: If you're not completely satisfied with TurboTax Desktop, go to refundrequest.intuit.com within 60 days of purchase and follow the process listed to submit a refund request. You must return this product using your license code or order number and dated receipt.

TURBOTAX DESKTOP

  • Installation Requirements: Product download, installation and activation requires an Intuit Account and internet connection. Product limited to one account per license code. You must accept the TurboTax License Agreement to use this product. Not for use by paid preparers.

  • TurboTax Desktop Products: Price includes tax preparation and printing of federal tax returns and free federal e-file of up to 5 federal tax returns. Additional fees may apply for e-filing state returns. E-file fees may not apply in certain states, check here for details. Savings and price comparison based on anticipated price increase. Software updates and optional online features require internet connectivity.

  • Fastest Refund Possible: Fastest federal tax refund with e-file and direct deposit; tax refund time frames will vary. The IRS issues more than 9 out of 10 refunds in less than 21 days.

  • Average Refund Amount: Sum of $3140 is the average refund American taxpayers received based upon IRS data date ending 02/17/23 and may not reflect actual refund amount received.

  • TurboTax Product Support: Customer service and product support hours and options vary by time of year.

  • #1 Best Selling Tax Software: Based on aggregated sales data for all tax year 2022 TurboTax products.

  • Deduct From Your Federal Refund: A $40 Refund Processing Service fee may apply to this payment method. Prices are subject to change without notice.

  • Data Import: Imports financial data from participating companies; Requires Intuit Account. Quicken and QuickBooks import not available with TurboTax installed on a Mac. Imports from Quicken (2021 and higher) and QuickBooks Desktop (2021 and higher); both Windows only. Quicken import not available for TurboTax Desktop Business. Quicken products provided by Quicken Inc., Quicken import subject to change.

  • Audit Defense: Audit Defense is a third-party add-on service provided, for a fee, by TaxResources, Inc., dba Tax Audit. See Membership Agreements at https://turbotax.intuit.com/corp/softwarelicense/ for service terms and conditions.

All features, services, support, prices, offers, terms and conditions are subject to change without notice.

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