Key Takeaways
- If you rent out your house in your old state, you'll likely need to report rental income and expenses on both your old and new state tax returns. Your new state may offer a credit for taxes paid to the old state.
- Interest and dividend income is generally taxed by the state where you're a permanent resident. If you move, your new state will likely tax this income, and you may need to apply for a credit for taxes paid to your old state.
- Investments that are tax-exempt in your old state, such as in-state municipal bonds, may be taxable in your new state. It's important to review your financial portfolio when moving.
- Most states tax retirement income, but the method varies. Some states offer deductions or exemptions for certain types or amounts of retirement income.
Consideration 1: States without income taxes
If you're thinking about relocating but you are not sure where to move, consider moving to a state that does not have state personal income taxes. These states are:
- Alaska
- Nevada
- South Dakota
- Texas
- Tennessee
- Washington
- Wyoming
- Florida
One other state, New Hampshire, does not tax W-2 wages but does tax dividend, interest and certain business income above certain amounts.
Consideration 2: Moving expenses
If your employer is moving you from state to state and paying for your moving expenses, some of your reimbursed moving expenses could be tax-free, but some might appear on your Form W-2 as part of your taxable income.
Consideration 3: Renting property in the state you leave
Even if you establish permanent residency in the new state, if you rent out your house in your old state, you will most likely have to file an income tax return in your old state to report your income and expenses.
If you rent out your house, you will most likely have to report your rental income and expenses on both your old state and your new state income tax returns. However, your new state will most likely allow you a credit for the taxes you pay to your old state because of the rental property income.
Even if you have a loss on the rental and might not have to file a return in your old state, consider filing a return anyway so that you can establish with your old state that the rental property produced a taxable loss. This might come in handy if you want to carry that loss over to offset some rental income taxable by your old state in the future.
Consideration 4: Moving to a third state
If you move twice during the calendar year and wind up living in three states, you might have to pay state income taxes in all three states. Carefully read the filing requirements for each state you lived in before you fill out your return. TurboTax can help you do this.
TurboTax Tip:
Some states do not tax personal income. These states include Alaska, Florida, Nevada, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming.
Consideration 5: Interest and dividend income from your old state
Interest and dividend income is generally taxable by the state where you are considered a permanent resident. So if you move from Arizona to California and it's a permanent move, California will tax you on the interest income from your Arizona bank accounts during the time you're a resident of California, and Arizona won't tax you for the same period.
However, if the income you receive is part of a business that you have in the old state, both states will tax the income, and you must apply for a credit on your new state's tax return. For example, if you receive interest on the accounts receivable in a sole proprietorship you operate in Arizona, and you're a permanent resident of California, you have to pay tax on the interest on your business accounts receivable to Arizona and apply for a credit on your California taxes.
Consideration 6: Tax-exempt state investments from your old state
If you have investments that are tax-exempt for your old state, they may be taxable in your new state. For example, if you live in North Carolina and hold municipal bonds from one of the agencies or municipalities of the state, you won't pay tax on that income if you are a permanent resident of North Carolina. But if you own the same bond and live in Idaho, you pay Idaho income tax on the income. Review your financial portfolio as part of your move preparations.
Consideration 7: Tax-exempt federal bonds and other investments
States don't make you pay income tax on federal obligations such as Series EE bonds or Treasury notes. However, states don't all agree on what exactly a federal obligation is.
Some states consider that if an obligation is "backed by the federal government" the obligation is tax-exempt. Others say this criterion isn't enough, and they will tax certain obligations because the obligation is invested only in something backed by the government, but not in the government.
Consideration 8: Retirement income
Most states that collect income tax also tax your retirement income, although the method they use to determine the retirement tax varies from state to state.
Some states provide a fixed amount that you can subtract from certain retirement income, and others don't tax certain pensions at all. For example, depending on your age, Utah has a set amount that you can deduct from qualified retirement income. Louisiana doesn't tax pensions received by state and local government employees at all, and provides a break for private pensions, too.
If you are receiving retirement income from a business in your old state but you move to a new state, federal law says that your new state can tax your retirement income, but your old state can't.
Consideration 9: Penalties for unpaid estimated taxes
If you have income that isn't subject to state income tax withholding (such as pension or investment income), be sure to check out the estimated tax payment requirements in your new state. You don't want to get hit with underpayment penalties.
How do states calculate income tax?
While most states start with your federal Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) to determine your taxable income, your new state may handle other tax-related areas, such as itemized deductions, differently. Consider the following questions when figuring taxes for your new state:
How does your new state handle itemized deductions?
While most states handle itemized deductions like a federal return, some states allow only a fixed amount of deductions, no matter how many deductions you have on your federal return.
Does your state allow you to deduct state taxes?
Most states won't allow you to deduct state income taxes you paid, but some states go the opposite route and actually allow you to deduct a portion of the federal income tax you paid.
Has your state incorporated the latest federal tax changes?
Even though most states use the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) as the starting point to determine state taxable income, many states have been slow to incorporate the latest federal changes, or have handpicked the portions of the IRC they want to use.
If you need answers to these questions, contact your state taxing authority or see "What's New" in the first screen of TurboTax for your state.
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