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What is My Tax Bracket?

Written by Riley Adams, CPA • Reviewed by a TurboTax CPAUpdated for Tax Year 2024 • October 20, 2024 01:41 PM
OVERVIEW

The federal income tax system is progressive, which means that tax rates go up the greater taxable income you have. The term "tax bracket" refers to the income ranges with differing tax rates applied to each range. When figuring out what tax bracket you’re in, you look at the highest tax rate applied to the top portion of your taxable income for your filing status.

 

Key Takeaways

  • The progressive tax system in the U.S. means lower income levels pay lower tax rates than higher incomes.
  • As you earn more money, your income may fall into higher tax brackets, causing different chunks of your taxable income to be taxed at different rates
  • Your effective tax rate looks at the overall taxes paid on your income, providing a better sense of your federal income tax bill as a percentage of your taxable income.

What is a tax bracket?

A tax bracket is a range of taxable income that is subject to a specific tax percentage. The brackets used to calculate your income tax depend on your filing status. In 2024 there are seven tax brackets with each one having a different tax rate ranging from 10% to 37%. For example, the 2024 brackets below show the first tax bracket if you are filing as Single is from $0 to $11,600 with a tax rate of 10%.

TurboTax Tip:

Ordinary income is taxed at seven different rates: 10, 12, 22, 24, 32, 35 and 37 percent. These are marginal rates, meaning that each rate applies only to a specific slice of income, rather than to your total income.

What are the 2024 federal income tax brackets?

Single filing status

If taxable income is over:but not over:the tax is:
$0$11,60010% of the amount over $0
$11,600$47,150$1,160 plus 12% of the amount over $11,600
$47,150$100,525$5,426 plus 22% of the amount over $47,150
$100,525$191,950$17,169 plus 24% of the amount over $100,525
$191,950$243,725$39,111 plus 32% of the amount over $191,950
$243,725$609,350$55,679 plus 35% of the amount over $243,725
$609,350no limit$183,647 plus 37% of the amount over $609,350

Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying Surviving Spouse filing status

If taxable income is over:but not over:the tax is:
$0$23,20010% of the amount over $0
$23,200$94,300$2,320 plus 12% of the amount over $23,200
$94,300$201,050$10,852 plus 22% of the amount over $94,300
$201,050$383,900$34,337 plus 24% of the amount over $201,050
$383,900$487,450$78,221 plus 32% of the amount over $383,900
$487,450$731,200$111,357 plus 35% of the amount over $487,450
$731,200no limit$196,670 plus 37 % of the amount over $731,200

Married Filing Separately filing status

If taxable income is over:but not over:the tax is:
$0$11,60010% of the amount over $0
$11,600$47,150$1,160 plus 12% of the amount over $11,600
$47,150$100,525$5,426 plus 22% of the amount over $47,150
$100,525$191,950$17,169 plus 24% of the amount over $100,525
$191,950$243,725$37,111 plus 32% of the amount over $191,950
$243,725$365,600$55,679 plus 35% of the amount over $243,725
$365,600no limit$98,335 plus 37% of the amount over $365,600

Head of Household filing status

If taxable income is over:but not over:the tax is:
$0$16,55010% of the amount over $0
$16,550$63,100$1,655 plus 12% of the amount over $16,550
$63,100$100,500$7,241 plus 22% of the amount over $63,100
$100,500$191,950$15,469 plus 24% of the amount over $100,500
$191,950$243,700$37,417 plus 32% of the amount over $191,950
$243,700$609,350$53,977 plus 35% of the amount over $243,700
$609,350no limit$181,955 plus 37% of the amount over $609,350

What are the 2023 federal income tax brackets?

Single filing status

If taxable income is over:but not over:the tax is:
$0$11,00010% of the amount over $0
$11,000$44,725$1,100 plus 12% of the amount over $11,000
$44,725$95,375$5,147 plus 22% of the amount over $44,725
$95,375$182,100$16,290 plus 24% of the amount over $85,375
$182,100$231,250$37,104 plus 32% of the amount over $182,100
$231,250$578,125$52,832 plus 35% of the amount over $231,250
$578,125no limit$174,238 plus 37% of the amount over $578,125

Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying Surviving Spouse filing status

If taxable income is over:but not over:the tax is:
$0$22,00010% of the amount over $0
$22,000$89,450$2,200 plus 12% of the amount over $22,000
$89,450$190,750$10,294 plus 22% of the amount over $89,450
$190,750$364,200$32,580 plus 24% of the amount over $190,750
$364,200$462,500$74,208 plus 32% of the amount over $364,200
$462,500$693,750$105,664 plus 35% of the amount over $462,500
$693,750no limit$186,601 plus 37 % of the amount over $693,750

Married Filing Separately filing status

If taxable income is over:but not over:the tax is:
$0$11,00010% of the amount over $0
$11,000$44,725$1,100 plus 12% of the amount over $11,000
$44,725$95,375$5,147 plus 22% of the amount over $44,725
$95,375$182,100$16,290 plus 24% of the amount over $95,375
$182,100$231,250$37,104 plus 32% of the amount over $182,100
$231,250$346,875$52,832 plus 35% of the amount over $231,250
$346,875no limit$93,300 plus 37% of the amount over $346,875

Head of Household filing status

If taxable income is over:but not over:the tax is:
$0$15,70010% of the amount over $0
$15,700$59,850$1,570 plus 12% of the amount over $15,700
$59,850$95,350$6,868 plus 22% of the amount over $59,850
$95,350$182,100$14,678 plus 24% of the amount over $95,350
$182,100$231,250$35,498 plus 32% of the amount over $182,100
$231,360$578,100$51,226 plus 35% of the amount over $231,360
$578,100no limit$172,624 plus 37% of the amount over $578,100

What are the 2022 federal income tax brackets?

Single filing status

If taxable income is over:but not over:the tax is:
$0$10,27510% of the amount over $0
$10,276$41,775$1,028 plus 12% of the amount over $10,275
$41,776$89,075$4,808 plus 22% of the amount over $41,775
$89,076$170,050$15,214 plus 24% of the amount over $89,075
$170,051$215,950$34,648 plus 32% of the amount over $170,050
$215,951$539,900$49,336 plus 35% of the amount over $215,950
$539,901no limit$162,718 plus 37% of the amount over $539,900

Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying Surviving Spouse filing status

If taxable income is over:but not over:the tax is:
$0$20,55010% of the amount over $0
$20,551$83,550$2,055 plus 12% of the amount over $20,550
$83,551$178,150$9,615 plus 22% of the amount over $83,550
$178,151$340,100$30,427 plus 24% of the amount over $178,150
$340,101$431,900$69,295 plus 32% of the amount over $340,100
$431,901$647,850$98,671 plus 35% of the amount over $431,901
$647,851no limit$174,254 plus 37 % of the amount over $647,850

Married Filing Separately filing status

If taxable income is over:but not over:the tax is:
$0$10,27510% of the amount over $0
$10,276$41,775$1,028 plus 12% of the amount over $10,275
$41,776$89,075$4,808 plus 22% of the amount over $41,775
$89,076$170,050$15,214 plus 24% of the amount over $89,075
$170,051$215,950$34,648 plus 32% of the amount over $170,050
$215,951$323,925$49,336 plus 35% of the amount over $215,950
$323,926no limit$87,127 plus 37% of the amount over $323,925

Head of Household filing status

If taxable income is over:but not over:the tax is:
$0$14,65010% of the amount over $0
$14,651$55,900$1,465 plus 12% of the amount over $14,650
$55,901$89,050$6,415 plus 22% of the amount over $55,900
$89,051$170,050$13,708 plus 24% of the amount over $89,050
$170,051$215,950$33,148 plus 32% of the amount over $170,050
$215,951$539,900$47,836 plus 35% of the amount over $215,950
$539,901no limit$161,219 plus 37% of the amount over $539,900

How do tax brackets work?

A progressive tax system means that tax rates increase as your taxable income goes up and your income enters a higher tax bracket. This has you pay a greater rate of tax on each successive chunk of income. Each chunk of income—income in a tax bracket—shows the percentage of tax you pay on that portion of your income. This means whichever tax bracket you’re “in”, its rate won’t apply to your entire income unless your taxable income ends in the lowest bracket.

Tax bracket example

For example, if you are single and have taxable income of $200,000 in 2024, then you are in the 32 percent "bracket." However, you won’t pay 32% on your entire taxable income. Instead, you pay taxes as follows:

  • 10 percent on your taxable income up to $11,600; plus
  • 12 percent on the excess up to $47,150; plus
  • 22 percent on taxable income between $47,150 and $100,525; plus
  • 24 percent on the amount over $100,525 up to $191,950; plus
  • 32 percent on the amount over $191,950 up to $200,000.

In this scenario, even though you're in the 32% bracket, you would actually pay only about 20.8% of your taxable income in taxes ($41,687/$200,000). Taxable income typically includes wages (including salaries, bonuses, commissions, and tips), and other income such as taxable interest, pensions, IRA/401k withdrawals, short term capital gains and others. Taxable income can be complex as the IRS classifies other types of earnings as taxable income as well.

How does my filing status affect my tax bracket?

The initial step for preparing your income tax return is to determine which filing status fits your situation. Generally, you have five options:

  1. Single
  2. Head of Household
  3. Married Filing Jointly
  4. Married Filing Separately
  5. Qualifying Surviving Spouse

Your filing status is very important because it determines the amount of your Standard Deduction and the tax brackets (and therefore your tax rate) that your income is subject to. You can change your tax filing status each year as long as you satisfy its specific eligibility requirements.

What is a marginal tax rate?

Your marginal tax rate is the rate of the highest tax bracket that you'll be taxed in. It is the tax you pay on each additional dollar of your income and the rate by which each dollar of deduction lowers your tax. You do not pay your marginal tax rate on all of your taxable income (unless your income is only in the lowest tax bracket). Instead, you pay the lowest tax rate up to the limit of the lowest tax bracket, then the rate of the next lowest bracket up to its limit, and so on until reaching your total taxable income.

How do I figure out what my marginal tax rate/tax bracket is?

The easiest way to figure out your marginal tax rate is to look at the federal tax brackets and see in which bracket your taxable income ends. This represents your marginal tax rate. If you need help determining your tax bracket, visit TurboTax’s Tax Bracket Calculator. Simply provide your filing status and taxable income to estimate your tax bracket.

What is an effective tax rate?

While it's likely you will pay income tax at various rates or tax brackets, the actual percentage of your taxable income that goes to the IRS is referred to as your effective tax rate. Your last dollar of taxable income gets taxed at your highest marginal income tax rate, which is generally higher than your effective tax rate. For example, if half of your income is taxed at 10 percent and the other half at 12 percent, then your effective tax rate of 11 percent means that 11 cents of every dollar of taxable income you earned this year goes to the IRS. It doesn’t mean every additional dollar of taxable income is taxed at 11 percent. Additional income is taxed at your marginal rate, 12 percent in this case.

Which is more important, marginal or effective tax rate?

Generally, marginal rates are used for making decisions about what will happen if your income or deductions go up or down while effective rates are for knowing what percentage of your taxable income is being paid in tax. When looking at the importance of these two tax rates, your circumstance will determine which is more important. If you are trying to determine the impact of a specific change in income such as making a Roth conversion that is in addition to your other income, your marginal tax rate will typically tell you the answer. If you are trying to determine how much of your income to withhold for taxes then your effective tax rate typically will give you a better answer than your marginal tax rate. If the U.S. tax system used a flat tax, the marginal and effective tax rate would be the same.

How to get into a lower tax bracket?

If you want to get into a lower tax bracket, you have a couple options to get there through having a lower taxable income. You can have a lower taxable income by having less taxable income, taking advantage of more tax deductions or a combination of the two.

How do deductions affect your tax bracket?

Tax deductions reduce your taxable income, lowering the amount of income subject to taxes. Generally, deductions lower your tax by your marginal tax rate multiplied by the value of the deduction. For example, if you had a $1,000 tax deduction and are in the 22% marginal tax bracket, you’d pay $220 less on your taxes. If you are on the lower edge of a tax bracket, claiming a deduction may get you into a lower one.

How do tax credits affect your tax bracket?

Tax credits lower your tax bill dollar-for-dollar, but they don’t affect your marginal tax bracket. However, they do lower your effective tax rate. You can’t lower your tax bracket by claiming a credit. While you might have the goal of falling into a lower tax bracket, your primary goal should be to get your effective tax rate as low as possible. Deductions can help get you into a lower tax bracket and have a lower effective tax rate, but tax credits will help you lower your effective tax rate more given their ability to reduce your tax bill dollar-for-dollar.

The type of taxable income matters

Tax brackets rely on using your taxable income to determine your federal income tax bill. However, not all income is treated the same for tax purposes. Income you earn from your job gets taxed through the tax brackets used on ordinary income. Long-term capital gains, on the other hand, are taxed at a rate between 0% and 20%, depending on your income level. Regardless of what type of income you make or the marginal tax bracket you’re in, your goal should be to get your effective tax rate as low as possible.

Knowing your tax bracket and your effective tax rate can be the first steps to lowering your taxable income and lowering your tax.

If you need help determining your tax bracket, visit TurboTax’s Tax Bracket Calculator. Simply provide your filing status and taxable income to estimate your tax bracket.

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Looking for more information?

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  • TurboTax Live Full Service – Qualification for Offer: Depending on your tax situation, you may be asked to answer additional questions to determine your qualification for the Full Service offer. Certain complicated tax situations will require an additional fee, and some will not qualify for the Full Service offering. These situations may include but are not limited to multiple sources of business income, large amounts of cryptocurrency transactions, taxable foreign assets and/or significant foreign investment income. Offer details subject to change at any time without notice. Intuit, in its sole discretion and at any time, may determine that certain tax topics, forms and/or situations are not included as part of TurboTax Live Full Service. Intuit reserves the right to refuse to prepare a tax return for any reason in its sole discretion. Additional limitations apply. See Terms of Service for details.

  • TurboTax Live Full Service - File your taxes as soon as today: TurboTax Full Service Experts are available to prepare 2023 tax returns starting January 8, 2024. Based on completion time for the majority of customers and may vary based on expert availability. The tax preparation assistant will validate the customer’s tax situation during the welcome call and review uploaded documents to assess readiness. All tax forms and documents must be ready and uploaded by the customer for the tax preparation assistant to refer the customer to an available expert for live tax preparation.

  • TurboTax Live Full Service -- Verified Pro -- “Local” and “In-Person”: Not all feature combinations are available for all locations. "Local" experts are defined as being located within the same state as the consumer’s zip code for virtual meetings. "Local" Pros for the purpose of in-person meetings are defined as being located within 50 miles of the consumer's zip code. In-person meetings with local Pros are available on a limited basis in some locations, but not available in all States or locations. Not all pros provide in-person services.

  • Smart Insights: Individual taxes only. Included with TurboTax Deluxe, Premium, TurboTax Live, TurboTax Live Full Service, or with PLUS benefits, and is available through 11/1/2024. Terms and conditions may vary and are subject to change without notice.

  • My Docs features: Included with TurboTax Deluxe, Premium TurboTax Live, TurboTax Live Full Service, or with PLUS benefits and is available through 12/31/2025. Terms and conditions may vary and are subject to change without notice.

  • Tax Return Access: Included with all TurboTax Free Edition, Deluxe, Premium, TurboTax Live, TurboTax Live Full Service customers and access to up to the prior seven years of tax returns we have on file for you is available through 12/31/2025. Terms and conditions may vary and are subject to change without notice.

  • Easy Online Amend: Individual taxes only. Included with TurboTax Deluxe, Premium, TurboTax Live, TurboTax Live Full Service, or with PLUS benefits. Make changes to your 2023 tax return online for up to 3 years after it has been filed and accepted by the IRS through 10/31/2026. Terms and conditions may vary and are subject to change without notice. For TurboTax Live Full Service, your tax expert will amend your 2023 tax return for you through 11/15/2024. After 11/15/2024, TurboTax Live Full Service customers will be able to amend their 2023 tax return themselves using the Easy Online Amend process described above.

  • #1 best-selling tax software: Based on aggregated sales data for all tax year 2022 TurboTax products.

  • #1 online tax filing solution for self-employed: Based upon IRS Sole Proprietor data as of 2023, tax year 2022. Self-Employed defined as a return with a Schedule C tax form. Online competitor data is extrapolated from press releases and SEC filings. “Online” is defined as an individual income tax DIY return (non-preparer signed) that was prepared online & either e-filed or printed, not including returns prepared through desktop software or FFA prepared returns, 2022.

  • CompleteCheck: Covered under the TurboTax accurate calculations and maximum refund guarantees. Limitations apply. See Terms of Service for details.
  • TurboTax Premium Pricing Comparison: Cost savings based on a comparison of TurboTax product prices to average prices set forth in the 2020-2021 NSA Fees-Acct-Tax Practices Survey Report.

  • 1099-K Snap and Autofill: Available in mobile app and mobile web only.

  • 1099-NEC Snap and Autofill: Available in TurboTax Premium (formerly Self-Employed) and TurboTax Live Assisted Premium (formerly Self-Employed). Available in mobile app only. Feature available within Schedule C tax form for TurboTax filers with 1099-NEC income.

  • Year-Round Tax Estimator: Available in TurboTax Premium (formerly Self-Employed) and TurboTax Live Assisted Premium (formerly Self-Employed). This product feature is only available after you finish and file in a self-employed TurboTax product.

  • **Refer a Friend: Rewards good for up to 20 friends, or $500 - see official terms and conditions for more details.

  • Refer your Expert (Intuit’s own experts): Rewards good for up to 20 referrals, or $500 - see official terms and conditions for more details.

  • Refer your Expert (TurboTax Verified Independent Pro): Rewards good for up to 20 referrals, or $500 - see official terms and conditions for more details.

  • Average Refund Amount: Sum of $3140 is the average refund American taxpayers received based upon IRS data date ending 2/17/23 and may not reflect actual refund amount received.

  • Average Deduction Amount: Based on the average amount of deductions/expenses found by TurboTax Self Employed customers who filed expenses on Schedule C in Tax Year 2022 and may not reflect actual deductions found.

  • More self-employed deductions based on the median amount of expenses found by TurboTax Premium (formerly Self Employed) customers who synced accounts, imported and categorized transactions compared to manual entry. Individual results may vary.

  • TurboTax Online Business Products: For TurboTax Live Assisted Business and TurboTax Full Service Business, we currently don’t support the following tax situations: C-Corps (Form 1120-C), Trust/Estates (Form 1041), Multiple state filings, Tax Exempt Entities/Non-Profits, Entities electing to be treated as a C-Corp, Schedule C Sole proprietorship, Payroll, Sales tax, Quarterly filings, and Foreign Income. TurboTax Live Assisted Business is currently available only in AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, KS, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, NC, NJ, NV, NY, OH, PA, RI, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, WA, WV and WY.

  • Audit Defense: Audit Defense is a third-party add-on service provided, for a fee, by TaxResources, Inc., dba Tax Audit. See Membership Agreements at https://turbotax.intuit.com/corp/softwarelicense/ for service terms and conditions. 

TURBOTAX DESKTOP GUARANTEES

TurboTax Desktop Individual Returns:

  • 100% Accurate Calculations Guarantee – Individual Returns: If you pay an IRS or state penalty or interest because of a TurboTax calculation error, we’ll pay you the penalty and interest. Excludes payment plans. This guarantee is good for the lifetime of your personal, individual tax return, which Intuit defines as seven years from the date you filed it with TurboTax Desktop. Excludes TurboTax Desktop Business returns. Additional terms and limitations apply. See License Agreement for details.

  • Maximum Refund Guarantee / Maximum Tax Savings Guarantee - or Your Money Back – Individual Returns: If you get a larger refund or smaller tax due from another tax preparation method by filing an amended return, we'll refund the applicable TurboTax federal and/or state software license purchase price you paid. This guarantee is good for the lifetime of your personal, individual tax return, which Intuit defines as seven years from the date you filed it with TurboTax Desktop. Excludes TurboTax Desktop Business returns. Additional terms and limitations apply. See License Agreement for details.

  • Audit Support Guarantee – Individual Returns: If you receive an audit letter from the IRS or State Department of Revenue based on your 2024 TurboTax individual tax return, we will provide one-on-one question-and-answer support with a tax professional, if requested through our Audit Support Center, for audited individual returns filed with TurboTax Desktop for the current 2024 tax year and, for individual, non-business returns, for the past two tax years (2022, 2023). Audit support is informational only. We will not represent you before the IRS or state tax authority or provide legal advice. If we are not able to connect you to one of our tax professionals, we will refund the applicable TurboTax federal and/or state license purchase price you paid. This guarantee is good for the lifetime of your personal, individual tax return, which Intuit defines as seven years from the date you filed it with TurboTax Desktop. Excludes TurboTax Desktop Business returns. Additional terms and limitations apply. See License Agreement for details.

  • Satisfaction Guarantee/ 60-Day Money Back Guarantee: If you're not completely satisfied with TurboTax Desktop software, go to refundrequest.intuit.com within 60 days of purchase and follow the process listed to submit a refund request. You must return this product using your license code or order number and dated receipt. Desktop add-on products and services purchased are non-refundable.

TurboTax Desktop Business Returns:

  • 100% Accurate Calculations Guarantee – Business Returns: If you pay an IRS or state penalty or interest because of a TurboTax calculation error, we’ll pay you the penalty and interest. Excludes payment plans. You are responsible for paying any additional tax liability you may owe. Additional terms and limitations apply. See License Agreement for details.

  • Maximum Tax Savings Guarantee - Business Returns: If you get a smaller tax due (or larger business tax refund) from another tax preparation method using the same data, TurboTax will refund the applicable TurboTax Business Desktop license purchase price you paid. Additional terms and limitations apply. See License Agreement for details.

  • Satisfaction Guarantee/ 60-Day Money Back Guarantee: If you're not completely satisfied with TurboTax Desktop software, go to refundrequest.intuit.com within 60 days of purchase and follow the process listed to submit a refund request. You must return this product using your license code or order number and dated receipt. Desktop add-on products and services purchased are non-refundable.

TURBOTAX DESKTOP DISCLAIMERS

  • Installation Requirements: Product download, installation and activation requires an Intuit Account and internet connection. Product limited to one account per license code. You must accept the TurboTax License Agreement to use this product. Not for use by paid preparers.

  • TurboTax Desktop Products: Price includes tax preparation and printing of federal tax returns and free federal e-file of up to 5 federal tax returns. Additional fees apply for e-filing state returns. E-file fees may not apply in certain states, check here for details. Savings and price comparison based on anticipated price increase. Software updates and optional online features require internet connection. Desktop add-on products and services purchased are non-refundable.

  • Fastest Refund Possible: Get your tax refund from the IRS as fast as possible by e-filing and choosing to receive your refund by direct deposit. Tax refund time frames will vary. The IRS issues more than 9 out of 10 refunds in less than 21 days.

  • Average Refund Amount: $3,207 is the average refund amount American taxpayers received in the 2024 filing season based upon IRS data as of February 16, 2024 and may not reflect actual refund amount received.

  • TurboTax Technical Support: Customer service and technical support hours and options vary by time of year.

  • Deduct From Your Federal Refund: Individual taxes only. Subject to eligibility requirements. Additional terms apply. A $40 Refund Processing Service fee applies to this payment. method. Prices are subject to change without notice.

  • Data Import: Imports financial data from participating companies; Requires Intuit Account. Quicken and QuickBooks import not available with TurboTax installed on a Mac. Imports from Quicken (2022 and higher) and QuickBooks Desktop (2023 and higher); both Windows only. Quicken import not available for TurboTax Desktop Business. Quicken products provided by Quicken Inc., Quicken import subject to change.

  • Live Tax Advice: Access to tax experts to obtain answers to tax questions and to assist with tax year 2024 return(s) prepared with TurboTax Desktop software. Additional fees apply. Must be purchased and used by October 31, 2025. Excludes TurboTax Desktop Business. See License Agreement for details.

  • Audit Defense: Audit Defense is a third-party add-on service provided, for a fee, by TaxResources, Inc., dba Tax Audit. See Membership Agreements at https://turbotax.intuit.com/corp/softwarelicense/for service terms and conditions.

All features, services, support, prices, offers, terms and conditions are subject to change without notice.

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