Taxable Income vs. Nontaxable Income: What You Should Know
There are key differences between non-taxable income and taxable income. Learn what types of income need to be reported to the IRS and which income is exempt from taxation. By distinguishing between the two types, you can make informed decisions to lower your tax liability and avoid unnecessary payments. Stay informed to ensure you're not overpaying and take advantage of tax-saving opportunities.
Key Takeaways
- Income received as wages, salaries, commissions, rental income, royalty payments, stock options, dividends and interest, and self-employment income are taxable. Unemployment compensation generally is taxable.
- Inheritances, gifts, cash rebates, alimony payments (for divorce decrees finalized after 2018), child support payments, most healthcare benefits, welfare payments, and money that is reimbursed from qualifying adoptions are deemed nontaxable by the IRS.
- Money from a qualified scholarship isn't taxable, but if you use the money for room and board or to pay other personal expenses, that portion is normally taxable.
- Miscellaneous income is taxable. This can include the remaining amount of a debt or loan that is canceled, employer contributions to an unqualified retirement plan, and sickness, injury, and disability retirement payments from an employer-paid plan.
What's not taxable
Nontaxable income won’t be taxed, whether or not you enter it on your tax return. The following items are deemed nontaxable by the IRS:
- inheritances, gifts and bequests
- cash rebates on items you purchase from a retailer, manufacturer or dealer
- alimony payments (for divorce decrees finalized after 2018)
- child support payments
- most healthcare benefits
- money that is reimbursed from qualifying adoptions
- welfare payments
Under certain circumstances, the following items may be nontaxable. TurboTax can help you determine what should be included in your return.
- Money you receive from a life insurance policy when someone dies is not taxable. However, if you cash in a life insurance policy, then a portion, if not all of it, is likely taxable.
- Money from a qualified scholarship is not taxable. However, if you use the money for room and board, or use it to pay other personal expenses, that portion is normally taxable.
Compensation
Generally, income can be received in three ways: money, services and property. But, you can also pay tax on income not yet in your bank account. For example, if you receive a check but don’t cash it by the end of the tax year, it is still considered income for the year you received the check.
The IRS requires that you declare all income on your return. This can include:
- wages
- salaries
- commissions
- strike pay
- rental income
- alimony (for divorce decrees finalized before 2019)
- royalty payments
- stock options, dividends and interest
- self-employment income
Typically, unemployment compensation is also considered taxable income. However, for the 2020 tax year, up to $10,200 of unemployment benefits can be excluded from income. If you are married, each spouse can exclude this amount. Amounts over this remain taxable and if your modified adjusted gross income (AGI) is greater than $150,000 then you can't exclude any unemployment compensation.
TurboTax Tip:
Fringe benefits received for services you render are usually considered taxable income, even if someone else receives them, such as your spouse. Taxable benefits may include a company-paid off-site gym membership, a company vehicle for personal use, and holiday gifts from your employer.
Income from fringe benefits
If you receive fringe benefits for services you render, they are usually considered taxable income, even if someone else receives them, such as your spouse. These taxable benefits and perks may include:
- company-paid off-site gym membership
- company vehicle for personal use
- holiday gifts in the form of cash or gift certificates from your employer
- certain portion of employer-paid dependent care
- company-paid tuition fees over a certain amount
- company-paid financial counseling fees
- employer-paid group life insurance over a certain amount
Miscellaneous income
Income that may not be readily identified as taxable but generally must be included on your tax return includes:
- employer contributions to an unqualified retirement plan
- fair-market value of property received for your services
- disability retirement payments from an employer-paid plan
- sickness and injury payments from an employer-paid plan
- property and services for which you bartered
- money and income from offshore accounts
- remaining amount of a debt or loan that is canceled or forgiven
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