Tax Tips for Single Dads

 

The article below is accurate for your 2017 taxes, the one that you file this year by the April 2018 deadline, including a few retroactive changes due to the passing of tax reform. Some tax information below will change next year for your 2018 taxes, but won’t impact you this year. Learn more about tax reform here.

Are your kids your dependents?

The Internal Revenue Service does not allow both parents to claim their kids as dependents. If you have a custody agreement or divorce decree, the IRS generally gives the dependent deduction to the custodial parent named there, but this isn’t an ironclad rule. A custodial parent can give permission for the non-custodial parent to claim the child by filing Form 8332.

Technically, the IRS gives the dependent deduction to the parent with whom a child spends the majority of the year—six months or more. The IRS gauges time by the number of overnight stays a child spends with each parent.

• So even if your son is with you all day, if he goes to his other parent’s house to sleep, then you are not the custodial parent for that day.
• If he spends six months plus one day worth of overnights with you, you can likely claim him as your dependent.

Circumstances can change after a custody agreement goes into effect, but the changes are not always reflected in the paperwork.

Example: The custody agreement says that your son stays with you two nights a week, but that went into effect five years ago. Now he’s 14 and wants to spend more time with his other parent.

Regardless of the agreement, he’s spending more nights at your house. If these overnights add up to six months plus one day, you can generally take the dependent tax deduction, regardless of the terms of the agreement or decree.

The IRS looks to the reality of the situation, not to the document. For this reason, it is important to keep careful documentation of exactly how many days your child sleeps at your house. This is also true if you were awarded custody. You cannot assume custody automatically guarantees the dependent tax deduction.

When both parents claim the same child

Divorced parents should communicate clearly in advance of tax season to establish who will claim the child or children. In the event of a dispute where the child’s overnights are split evenly between the parents, the IRS will award the dependent deduction to the parent with the higher AGI (adjusted gross income).

When both parents claim a child on an electronically filed tax return, the second return will be rejected (the one filed later) as the child’s social security number will have already been used on a return. If, however, you believe you have the right to claim the child (according to the dependent tax rules), you can dispute this.

Here are the steps:

1. File a paper return instead of e-filing it. You can continue to prepare it online, but you will need to print it and mail it instead at the end.
2. Include a letter explaining the situation, along with evidence (like school registration and medical records), proving that you have the right to claim the dependent(s).
3. The IRS will review both returns, contact both of you by mail for further proof if necessary, and then decide which person can claim the dependent(s) based on current tax law.

The right tax filing status

Supporting and housing your kids affects not just your tax deductions, but your filing status, too. If you’re unmarried and without dependents, you’re a single filer. But if you’re supporting your kids, you may qualify as head of household, which offers some additional tax perks, such as a larger personal exemption and more generous tax brackets.

You probably qualify as head of household if:

• You’re unmarried on the last day of the tax year
• You can claim at least one of your children as a dependent because they lived with you more than half the year
• You financially provide at least 51% of the costs of supporting your household

If you filed for divorce and it isn’t final yet, you might still qualify if you didn’t live with your ex after May 31, as long as you meet all the other rules.

You may be eligible for tax credits

Claiming your kids as dependents also allows you to claim certain tax credits. Credits are generally more beneficial than deductions because they directly reduce the amount of tax you owe to the IRS after you’ve calculated your tax liability, rather than just lowering your taxable income the way deductions do.

If you qualify as head of household, and your adjusted gross income is less than $75,000 as of the 2017 tax year, you can shave as much as $1,000 off your tax bill for each dependent child by claiming the Child Tax Credit. However, for each $1,000 of income above the $75,000 threshold, your available child tax credit is reduced by $50. For example:

You also can claim a credit for some of what you pay for child care services for your kids under age 13, if you pay someone to take care of them while you are working. You might also be eligible for the Earned Income Tax Credit if you meet income guidelines.

Remember, with TurboTax, we’ll ask you simple questions and fill out the right tax forms for you to maximize your credits and tax deductions.