OVERVIEW
Cellphones have become just as vital to business as a land line, which makes cellphone use a legitimate, deductible business expense. But for most of us, cellphones are also inextricably linked to our personal lives, so it's a deduction that the IRS carefully scrutinizes to make sure personal electronics use isn't being claimed as a business expense.
Your cellphone as a small business deduction
If you're self-employed and you use your cellphone for business, you can claim the business use of your phone as a tax deduction. If 30 percent of your time on the phone is spent on business, you could legitimately deduct 30 percent of your phone bill. In “Entrepreneur” magazine, writer Kristin Edelhauser recommends getting an itemized phone bill, so you can measure your business and personal use and prove your deduction to the IRS. Alternatively, you could get a second phone and use it exclusively for business.
Deductions for employees
For tax years prior to 2018, even if you're working for someone as an employee, you may have to use your personal cellphone for business. If you itemize deductions, the IRS allows you to claim depreciation on your phone as an "unreimbursed business expense" if you use it regularly for your job and your use is a common, accepted business practice.
You could deduct unreimbursed business expenses that amount to more than two percent of your adjusted gross income. These expenses also include professional association dues, legal fees and others listed in IRS Publication 529.
Beginning in 2018, these and other unreimbursed employee expenses are no longer deductible.
Cellphone depreciation
The Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 changes the way you calculate cellphone depreciation, according to the Schneider Downs accounting firm. Under the old rules, if you used your cellphone less than 50 percent of the time for business, you could only depreciate it on a straight-line 10-year depreciation schedule. Now, however, the law allows you to write off depreciation—the spreading out of the cost of its useful life—over a seven year period, in addition to making it easier to claim bonus depreciation.
Your cellphone as fringe benefit
If your employer provides you with a cellphone as part of your job, this could potentially increase your taxable income. The use of your company cellphone for personal calls, Schneider Downs states, is a fringe benefit, that, depending on the value could be included as part of your gross income. However, "de minimis," or trivial, fringe benefits are typically not included in income.
If you carry a separate personal cellphone during business hours and make all your personal calls on that, the IRS likely will accept that the business phone is purely for business, in which case it won't affect your income.
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