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What is the 2020 Recovery Rebate Credit and am I Eligible?

Written by a TurboTax Expert • Reviewed by a TurboTax CPAUpdated for Tax Year 2020 • August 22, 2024 2:35 PM
OVERVIEW

Many Americans may be eligible for the Recovery Rebate Credit commonly referred to as the COVID stimulus payment. The credit is for the 2020 tax year even though the last payments came in 2021 for many recipients.

For information on the third coronavirus relief package, please visit our “American Rescue Plan: What Does it Mean for You and a Third Stimulus Check” blog post.

 


As Tax Day approaches, you may be wondering if you need to include your stimulus payments on your tax returns. Here's what you need to know.

What is the 2020 Recovery Rebate Credit?

The 2020 Recovery Rebate Credit is part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act that was signed into law in March of 2020. The initial stimulus payment provided up to $1,200 per qualifying adult and up to $500 per qualifying dependent. Most of these payments went out to recipients in mid-2020.

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (CAA) was signed into law on December 27, 2020 and is also part of the 2020 tax credit even though the Economic Impact Payments from the Consolidated Appropriations Act weren’t sent out until 2021. This second stimulus payment distributed up to $600 per qualified recipient.

The 2020 Recovery Rebate Credit is actually a tax year 2020 tax credit. The government sent payments beginning in April of 2020 and a second round beginning in late December of 2020 and into 2021. The credit is available to those who did not receive the Economic Impact Payments or who received less than the full amount that they were eligible for.

  • The payments that were sent out were called Economic Impact Payments (also called stimulus payments) and went out as an advance payment of the 2020 tax credit.
  • The government sent out an amount thought to be what you would be eligible for based mostly on your prior year tax return or your eligibility for certain benefits such as Social Security.
  • The goal was to get money into the hands of taxpayers as fast as possible without having to wait for them to file their 2020 tax returns.

If you did not receive the credit or not enough of the credit through the stimulus payments, the only way to claim the proper amount is on your 2020 tax return. You must file a 2020 tax return to claim any credit that you have not already received, even if you otherwise are not required to file a 2020 tax return.

The good news is, if you received too much of the credit, you are not required to pay it back even if you file a 2020 tax return.

Who is eligible for the 2020 Recovery Rebate Credit?

Qualifying for the initial advance payments was based on the information that the government had at the time of distributing the payments. This could have been from your 2019 tax return or your 2018 tax return if you had not already filed a 2019 return by the time the money was issued. If you are attempting to claim part or all of the credit on your 2020 tax return, the credit will be based on your 2020 tax information.

In order to qualify for any of the credit on your 2020 tax return, you:

  • must be a U.S. citizen or U.S. resident alien in 2020
  • cannot have been a dependent of another taxpayer in 2020
  • must have a Social Security number that is valid for employment before the 2020 tax return due date
  • did not receive the full amount of the credit through an Economic Impact Payment

This includes someone who was born or died in 2020.

In some rare cases, a married couple filing a joint return may qualify for a full credit even if only one spouse has a valid Social Security number. On the other hand, nonresident aliens, estates, and trusts don't qualify for the credit.

After meeting the qualification requirements above, the taxpayer's adjusted gross income (AGI) must fall within the limits to receive the credit based on their situation. Other eligible taxpayers may include those who:

  • Got married in 2020: If both spouses were previously eligible, you're still eligible. The tax credit will be based on your new filing status for 2020. Check to see if your new combined income and the higher AGI limit for the married filing jointly status could qualify you for a tax credit on your tax return.
  • Had a child in 2020: A child born before the end of 2020 would increase your potential tax credit amount as long as they're a qualifying child.
  • Were no longer claimed as a dependent in 2020: If you weren't claimed as a dependent in 2020, you might be eligible for the tax credit. Check the eligibility criteria to see if you qualify. Then, calculate the amount of the credit using tax software, such as TurboTax, or the 2020 tax forms.
  • Received veterans’ benefits: Veterans receiving veterans’ benefits that meet all other eligibility requirements should qualify for the tax credit.

How do I claim the credit?

If you didn't receive the full credit amount as an economic impact payment, claiming the tax credit is relatively easy. TurboTax can help you claim the credit by asking you questions about your tax situation and the economic impact payments you may have received. That information is used to fill out the correct tax forms and claim any credit that you are eligible for on your tax return.

If you're completing your tax return on your own, the credit can be claimed on line 30 of Form 1040 or Form 1040-SR. Instructions for completing this line are included in Form 1040's instructions. In particular, look for the 2020 Recovery Rebate Credit Worksheet - Line 30 to calculate your potential credit amount.

How do I calculate the amount of my credit?

The amount of the credit is based on your:

  • filing status
  • number of qualifying children
  • amounts of your Economic Impact Payments previously received
  • adjusted gross income

If you're eligible for the full credit, you may receive up to the following amounts.

The first economic impact payment, or up to:

  • $2,400 if you’re married, filing jointly, or
  • $1,200 for any other filing status, and
  • $500 for each qualifying child under age 17 at the end of 2020

The second economic impact payment, or up to:

  • $1,200 if you’re married, filing jointly, or
  • $600 for any other filing status, and
  • $600 per eligible qualifying child under age 17 at the end of 2020

If you have already received Economic Impact Payments for the full amounts that you're eligible for based on your 2020 tax return, you don't qualify for any additional credit. However, if you received more than you are qualified to receive based on your 2020 tax returns, you do not have to pay back the excess amount.

If you received less than you are eligible for based on your 2020 situation, you can calculate the additional amount of credit to be included on your 2020 tax return.

The credit amount on your tax return begins with the maximum that you are eligible for in 2020. This amount is then reduced by 5% of the amount that your AGI exceeds these levels:

  • $75,000 for Single or Married Filing Separately
  • $112,500 for Head of Household
  • $150,000 for Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying Surviving Spouse

Finally, further reduce the potential credit by the amount of the Economic Impact Payments you received in 2020 and/or 2021. If the result is zero or a negative amount, you don't qualify for any additional credit on your 2020 tax return. If your result is a positive amount, then you are eligible for a 2020 Recovery Rebate Credit provide you meet all of requirements.

An example 2020 Recovery Rebate Credit

Alex and Samantha each filed as single on their 2019 tax returns. They got married in January 2020 and had a child named Ethan in November 2020. Alex’s 2019 adjusted gross income was $100,000 and Samantha’s was $25,000. Neither had qualifying children in 2019.

Alex ‘s income in 2019 kept him from receiving any of the economic impact payments. Samantha received the full amount for both the $1,200 and $600 stimulus payments for a total of $1,800 total.

Alex and Samantha file their 2020 tax return as married filing jointly claiming Ethan as their child and have a combined AGI of $125,000. Assuming that all three meet all of the requirements for the credit, their maximum 2020Recovery Rebate Credit is $4,700.

  • This is made up of $2,900 ($1,200 for Alex + $1,200 for Samantha+ $500 for Ethan) for the first stimulus payment and $1,800 ($600 for each of them) for the second stimulus payment.
  • Their $4,700 maximum credit is reduced by the $1,800 Economic Impact Payments that Alex received. They are able to claim a 2020 Recovery Rebate Credit of $2,900 on their 2020 tax returns.

TurboTax has you covered with up-to-date information on stimulus checks and your taxes. Our COVID-19 Tax Center and Stimulus Check resources have the latest information on changes to taxes, stimulus check eligibility, tax breaks and more so you can feel confident in your taxes, no matter what situation you’re in.

With TurboTax Live Full Service, a local expert matched to your unique situation will do your taxes for you start to finish. Or, get unlimited help and advice from tax experts while you do your taxes with TurboTax Live Assisted.

And if you want to file your own taxes, you can still feel confident you'll do them right with TurboTax as we guide you step by step. No matter which way you file, we guarantee 100% accuracy and your maximum refund.

 

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~37% of filers qualify. Simple Form 1040 returns only (no schedules except for Earned Income Tax Credit, Child Tax Credit and student loan interest).

The above article is intended to provide generalized financial information designed to educate a broad segment of the public; it does not give personalized tax, investment, legal, or other business and professional advice. Before taking any action, you should always seek the assistance of a professional who knows your particular situation for advice on taxes, your investments, the law, or any other business and professional matters that affect you and/or your business.

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  • Installation Requirements: Product download, installation and activation requires an Intuit Account and internet connection. Product limited to one account per license code. You must accept the TurboTax License Agreement to use this product. Not for use by paid preparers.

  • TurboTax Desktop Products: Price includes tax preparation and printing of federal tax returns and free federal e-file of up to 5 federal tax returns. Additional fees apply for e-filing state returns. E-file fees may not apply in certain states, check here for details. Savings and price comparison based on anticipated price increase. Software updates and optional online features require internet connection. Desktop add-on products and services purchased are non-refundable.

  • Fastest Refund Possible: Get your tax refund from the IRS as fast as possible by e-filing and choosing to receive your refund by direct deposit. Tax refund time frames will vary. The IRS issues more than 9 out of 10 refunds in less than 21 days.

  • Average Refund Amount: $3,207 is the average refund amount American taxpayers received in the 2024 filing season based upon IRS data as of February 16, 2024 and may not reflect actual refund amount received.

  • TurboTax Technical Support: Customer service and technical support hours and options vary by time of year.

  • Deduct From Your Federal Refund: Individual taxes only. Subject to eligibility requirements. Additional terms apply. A $40 Refund Processing Service fee applies to this payment. method. Prices are subject to change without notice.

  • Data Import: Imports financial data from participating companies; Requires Intuit Account. Quicken and QuickBooks import not available with TurboTax installed on a Mac. Imports from Quicken (2022 and higher) and QuickBooks Desktop (2023 and higher); both Windows only. Quicken import not available for TurboTax Desktop Business. Quicken products provided by Quicken Inc., Quicken import subject to change.

  • Live Tax Advice: Access to tax experts to obtain answers to tax questions and to assist with tax year 2024 return(s) prepared with TurboTax Desktop software. Additional fees apply. Must be purchased and used by October 31, 2025. Excludes TurboTax Desktop Business. See License Agreement for details.

  • Audit Defense: Audit Defense is a third-party add-on service provided, for a fee, by TaxResources, Inc., dba Tax Audit. See Membership Agreements at https://turbotax.intuit.com/corp/softwarelicense/for service terms and conditions.

All features, services, support, prices, offers, terms and conditions are subject to change without notice.

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