Key Takeaways
- In 2019, the number of tax brackets remained at seven, but many tax rates were lowered and the income thresholds shifted.
- The alternative minimum tax (AMT) exemptions were higher, which reduced the tax burden for some taxpayers.
- If you were self-employed or ran a small business, you might have benefited from a reduced top corporate rate of 21% and a new 20% deduction for certain pass-through entities.
- Several deductions you might have used prior to 2019 were reduced or gone.
By David Williams, Chief Tax Officer, Intuit & Executive Director, Intuit Tax and Financial Center
If you’re wondering how you’re affected, not to worry, we have your back. We’re doing the work to make sure our products are up to date and that you can use them to file your taxes with complete confidence.
That said, many folks are wondering what’s in the bill and how it might affect them. Here’s a recap of some of the major tax provisions in the new tax bill and how they may impact you.
Lower Tax Rates and Changed Income Ranges
The bill retains the seven tax brackets found in current law but lowers a number of the tax rates. It also changes the income thresholds at which the rates apply.
- The brackets before tax reform were: 10%, 15%, 25%, 28%, 33%, 35% and 39.6%
- The 2019 brackets are: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% and 37%
The income thresholds at which these brackets kick in have changed, as well.
For married joint filers:
For single filers:
Alternative Minimum Tax Exemptions Increased
The bill also eases the burden of the individual alternative minimum tax (AMT) by raising the income exempted from $84,500 (adjusted for inflation) to $111,700 married filing jointly and from $54,300 (adjusted for inflation) to $71,700 for single taxpayers, so fewer taxpayers will pay it in 2019.
TurboTax Tip:
Taxpayers no longer faced a tax penalty for lacking health insurance after December 31, 2018.
Tax Relief for Individuals and Families
Increased Standard deduction:
The new tax law nearly doubles the Standard Deduction amount. Single taxpayers will see their Standard Deduction jump from $6,350 for 2017 taxes to $12,200 for 2019 taxes (the ones you file in 2020).
Married couples filing jointly see an increase from $12,700 to $24,400 for 2019. These increases mean that fewer people will have to itemize. Today, roughly 30% of taxpayers itemize. Under the new law, this percentage is expected to decrease.
Increased Child Tax Credit:
For, families with children the Child Tax Credit is doubled from $1,000 per child to $2,000. In addition, the amount that is refundable grows from $1,100 to $1,400. The bill also adds a new, non-refundable credit of $500 for dependents other than children. Finally, it raises the income threshold at which these benefits phase out from $110,000 for a married couple to $400,000.
Eliminations or Reductions in Deductions
Personal and dependent exemptions:
The bill eliminates the personal and dependent exemptions for 2019, which was $4,050 for 2017.
State and local taxes/Home mortgages:
The bill limits the amount of state and local property, income, and sales taxes that can be deducted to $10,000. In the past, these taxes have generally been fully tax deductible.
The bill also caps the amount of mortgage indebtedness on new home purchases on which interest can be deducted at $750,000 down from $1,000,000 in current law.
The bill eliminates the tax penalty for not having health insurance after December 31, 2018. It also temporarily lowers the floor above which out-of-pocket medical expenses can be deducted from the current law floor of 10% to 7.5% for 2017 and 2018. In 2019, a separate tax extender bill kept the 7.5% of AGI rate for 2019. In 2020, the percentage is set to increase to 10% of AGI.
So for 2019, you can deduct medical expenses that are more than 7.5% of your adjusted gross income.
Self-employed (contractors, freelancers, sole proprietors) and small businesses:
The bill has a myriad of changes for business. The biggest includes a reduction in the top corporate rate to 21%, a new 20% deduction for incomes from certain type of “pass-through” entities (partnerships, S Corps, sole proprietorships), limits on expensing of interest from borrowing, almost doubling of the amount small businesses can expense from the 2017 Section 179 amount of $510,000 to $1,000,000 and eliminates the corporate alternative minimum tax (AMT).
TurboTax Has You Covered
Don’t worry about memorizing these tax changes the majority of which are for 2019 taxes which you file in 2020. TurboTax has you covered and will be up to date with the latest tax laws.
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David Williams, Chief Tax Officer, Intuit & Executive Director, Intuit Tax and Financial Center
David Williams helps lead Intuit’s tax businesses, including TurboTax, the largest do-it-yourself tax software solution in the US, as well as Intuit’s professional products used by more than one hundred thousand tax firms. David also works across Intuit businesses, and closely with Intuit’s Government Affairs department, to shape their tax strategies, engage with external stakeholders and partners, and support industry initiatives.
Prior to joining Intuit, David had a long career in tax policy and tax administration on Capitol Hill and at the IRS. He served fourteen years as a US Senate staffer working primarily on tax issues for the Senate Budget Committee and for Senator Bill Bradley. During his thirteen years at the IRS, he held a number of positions including Chief Communications Officer, Director of the Earned Income Tax Credit office, Director of Electronic Tax Administration and Director of the Return Preparer Office.
David holds a Master of Public Policy degree from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and a BS in Business Administration from Colorado State University.
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