Key Takeaways
- If you use a computer, cellphone, iPad, or other gadgets to run your business, you may be able to deduct their expenses if they are both ordinary and necessary for your type of work.
- If your tech hardware is designed to last more than a year, you can depreciate the cost and spread the deduction over a number of years, or often deduct the entire cost for the year of purchase.
- For most tech gadgets, you can only deduct the percentage of the cost that matches the percentage of time that you used the device for business purposes.
- If you take a tech deduction, the IRS may ask for documentation—receipts, canceled checks, invoices, or bank records—for the expenses.
Tax deductions
The world of high-tech gadgetry and connectivity continued to evolve at a dizzying pace during the first decade of the 21st century. Cellphones, laptops, iPads and the Internet became more than ways for people to communicate or entertain themselves: For many, they are now required equipment for running a business. The Internal Revenue Service kept abreast of the changes, and it is possible to deduct the cost of some items used for business. This means the high-tech gadgets that help you streamline your work can pay for themselves come tax time.
"The IRS’s standard for a legitimate deduction requires the item to be a usual, necessary, customary and reasonable expense for your type of work. So, an iPad will most likely be viewed more as a legitimate deduction for a computer consultant than for someone who works on an assembly line."
—Michael Carney, owner and president of Chicago-based MWC Accounting
Applicable deductions
Your computer, cellphone, Internet service, software and even some cool tech gadgetry are possible tax deductions if you must use them to run your business. Michael Carney, owner and president of MWC Accounting in Chicago, said expensive tech hardware can qualify if it is an asset that retains its value over several years. The business owner has a choice on how to deduct the costs of those items.
“You can depreciate them, spreading the deduction over the number of years the IRS considers to be the shelf-life for this item, or you can often write the entire cost off for the year of purchase," Carney said.
"Your choice between the two depends on your projected income and other expenses going forward. If you had a big year and want to reduce your profits to minimize the tax bite, it’s best to write the entire cost off."
Carney said this strategy means you will have less to deduct in the coming years.
Also, with most tech gadgets, you can claim a percentage of time that you used that device for business purposes. Most pros caution against claiming 100 percent.
“People will buy a computer and will use it exclusively for business,” said Illinois-based certified public accountant Neil Johnson—also known as "The Tax Dude"—“but, it might be a bit of red flag to the IRS to claim that. Most people will, at the very least, periodically check the news or their personal email account on their work laptop or desktop.”
Internet use and cellphone costs qualify too. “As far as Wi-Fi goes, when I am on a plane, I always buy the Internet package, because I am always working, and this is an expense that is easy to forget about come tax time," Johnson said. "As far as cable or satellite TV goes, it truly depends upon your profession. … If you’re in an ad agency, you can write that off for sure. If you work in construction, not so much. In the past, you would have to tally up the minutes you used (on cellphones) for personal versus business expenses. Now you can just write off a percentage of business use. Just do not say 100: That won’t fly.”
You may have some explaining to do if you claim a newer-generation tech-toy, such as an iPad, as a business expense. The experts say such devices tend to be viewed as perks rather than necessary business tools.
“The IRS’s standard for a legitimate deduction requires the item to be a usual, necessary, customary and reasonable expense for your type of work,” Carney said. “So, an iPad will most likely be viewed more as a legitimate deduction for a computer consultant than for someone who works on an assembly line.”
TurboTax Tip:
If an item serves both a business and personal use, consider keeping a log of business-related activity—dates, business purpose or tasks, and the time spent on the tasks—to document the gadget’s percentage of business use.
Documentation counts
If you plan to take a tech deduction, Carney's No. 1 tip is that you keep good books all year.
"It makes your life so much easier when it comes to tax time," he said. "Keep reasons for purchasing things, where you traveled (and) why. Tech helps there, too: Use your cell-phone calendar or track the data in an Excel program. It absolutely should not produce angst."
Carney says you have to remember the bottom line with the IRS is any item or expense you write off has to make sense with your business.
John Topham, a CPA and founding partner of Damon, Topham & Co. in Boston, agrees with Carney's suggestion.
“It’s all about documentation, which means receipts, canceled checks, invoices and other backup," he said. "These are employee business expenses, which fall under the IRS contemporaneous records requirement.”
What does this mean to you? It means you must keep a log of activity, including date, business purpose or task, and the time spent on that task, Topham said. If you log 1,200 hours on a computer in a year, and 400 of them are business-related, one-third of the related expenses are deductible that year.
"If the expense is clearly business-related, such as industry-specific, a log is not necessary," Topham said. He said you should not deduct clearly personal expenses like gaming systems.
While personal computers for family use are not deductible, college students filing income taxes may qualify for the Lifetime Learning Credit, the Hope Scholarship Credit, or the American Opportunity Tax Credit. The student's personal computer may be deductible if her college or university includes the use of its computers in the cost of tuition, or bills students for computer software that students cannot obtain elsewhere.
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