Tax Topics for Freelancers, Contractors, and Consultants
As a freelancer, independent contractor, or consultant, you have a variety of tax issues to consider—including ways to trim your tax bill.
When a significant natural disaster hits – such as a hurricane, earthquake, tornado, flood, wildfire, blizzard, or the like – the IRS will extend upcoming federal tax deadlines for affected taxpayers if a federal disaster is declared. The extended due dates apply to most federal tax returns and payments, including those for income taxes (including estimated tax payments), payroll taxes, and excise taxes. If you’re impacted by a natural disaster, check our IRS Disaster Relief page to see if you qualify for an automatic tax filing or payment extension.
Key Takeaways
- Self-employed individuals can deduct qualifying health insurance premiums paid for themselves, a spouse, and dependents.
- If you regularly and exclusively use a portion of your home as your principal place of business or as a place to meet with clients, you can claim deductions on Schedule C for using the space.
- You can contribute up to 25% of your net earnings from self-employment into a Simplified Employee Pension plan (SEP).
- If you’re self-employed and your home is your principal place of business, you can typically deduct the cost of driving from home to see a client or to go to another work location.
Tax-saving opportunities for the self-employed
Many people are career freelancers. Others find themselves doing freelance work after a corporate downsizing or other job loss.
Although being a freelancer, consultant, or independent contractor provides a new set of tax issues to consider, it also offers you plenty of new ways to trim your tax bill.
If you are paid $600 or more for your work for any individual client, you should receive a 1099-NEC from your customer. If you receive payments through online payment services such as PayPal, you may also receive a form 1099-K. And, yes, the IRS gets a copy, too. Typically, you include Schedule C with your tax return to report the self-employed income—along with the deductions for your business expenses.
And if your net earnings from self-employment exceed $400, you will have to pay self-employment tax (for Social Security and Medicare), which is figured on Schedule SE. You deduct one-half of that SE tax as an adjustment to income on Form 1040. And if you have employees or use independent contractors in your business, you will have to file W-2 or 1099 forms for them.
The IRS is gradually phasing in new 1099-K reporting requirements for payments from third-party processors like Venmo and Paypal. In 2021, Congress changed the reporting threshold from over $20,000 in payments and more than 200 transactions to over $600 in payments regardless of the number of transactions. But instead of using the new $600 threshold right away, the IRS applied the previous reporting threshold for the 2022 and 2023 tax years. For the 2024 tax year, the IRS plans to use a $5,000 threshold, regardless of the number of transactions. The tax agency hasn’t announced its plans for after 2024 yet. On the other hand, some states have already started using the $600 threshold for their own reporting requirements.
Don't miss these tax-saving opportunities:
Hire your spouse and get a tax break on medical insurance
Although self-employed individuals can deduct 100 percent of health insurance premiums paid for themselves, a spouse and dependents, the deduction is allowed as an adjustment to income on the 1040. This can reduce your income tax but does not reduce your SE tax since it does not reduce your SE income.
However, if you hire your spouse and you provide family health insurance coverage to employees then you can be covered on your spouse’s policy. The cost the insurance for employees is deducted on Schedule C, and reduces your SE income and tax.
Set up a home office and maximize your write-offs
If you regularly and exclusively use a portion of your home or apartment or use a separate structure not attached to your house as your principal place of business or as a place to meet with clients, you can claim deductions for using the space.
Your office qualifies as a principal place of business if you use it as the sole place to perform administrative duties. Expenses that may be deducted include the business portion of real estate taxes, mortgage interest, rent, utilities, insurance, painting, repairs and depreciation. The amount of the deduction depends on the percentage of the home or apartment that is used for business. The write-off is claimed on Form 8829, and is deducted on Schedule C. Thus, it reduces your SE income and tax.
Open a retirement plan to shelter your business profit
The most common self-employed retirement plan is a Simplified Employee Pension plan (SEP). You can put in up to 25 percent of your net earnings from self-employment, which is your net Schedule C profit minus the deduction for one-half of your self-employment tax. The maximum annual contribution for 2024 is $69,000.
Compare that to the $7,000 cap on IRA contributions ($8,000 if you are 50 or old at year end) for 2024. A SEP can be established for 2024 as late as April 15, 2025, or if you filed an extension, October 15, 2025.
TurboTax Tip:
If you fly on a business trip to another U.S. city and spend a few extra days there, you can deduct 100% of your airfare as long as the main purpose of the trip is for business.
Hire your children
Sole proprietors who hire their kids to do data entry, answer phones, clean the office and perform other business-related activities can deduct their wages on Schedule C, as long as the compensation is reasonable for the type of work performed. Wages paid to the children are exempt from Social Security tax if they are under 18 and are not subject to federal unemployment tax if they are under 21.
In addition, unless the child has a lot of unearned income, chances are that they won't owe income tax on the wages. This lowers the family's tax bill considerably by moving taxable income from the parent to non-taxable income of the child. Also, a parent can make a contribution to an IRA or a Roth IRA for them based on their wages. Over time, this can grow into a nice nest egg for their retirement.
Deduct your mileage
Employees are not allowed to deduct the cost of driving to and from home to work. But if you are self-employed and your home is your principal place of business, you can deduct the cost of driving from home to see a client or to go to another work location.
For 2024 the rate is 67 cents per mile.
Combine business with pleasure when traveling
If you fly on a business trip to another U.S. city and spend a few extra days there as a vacation, you can deduct 100 percent of your airfare as long as the number of days spent on business is more than your vacation days. In other words, the main purpose of the trip has to be for business. Your other out-of-pocket expenses, such as lodging, hotel tips and 50 percent of meals, can be deducted for the business days only.
Expenses for the personal days generally are not deductible. There is an exception if you spend an extra day or two away to get a cheaper airfare for a Saturday night stay over. If your added cost of meals and lodging for that period don't exceed what you saved in airfare, those costs (the hotel bill plus 50 percent of meals) can be deducted as business expenses.
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