Many taxpayers earn income from several different sources. In this video, you'll learn how to calculate your adjusted gross income, which will help you deduce how much tax you owe.
The article below is accurate for your 2017 taxes. Some tax information below changed for tax years after 2017. Learn more about the 2017 tax reform here.
For tax years beginning 2018, the 1040A and EZ forms are no longer available. They have been replaced with a new 1040 form. For those who are filing or amending prior year returns, you can continue to use form 1040A or EZ.
Video transcript:
Hello, I’m Jill from TurboTax with important news on how to calculate your adjusted gross income.
You see an entire section of your tax return devoted to adjusted gross income, or AGI as it’s commonly referred to, but do you know how to calculate it? Even though the tax return will instruct you on how to compute it, a better understanding of the calculation can provide some insight on the impact it has on the amount of tax you owe.
Of the three most common tax forms—the 1040, 1040A and 1040EZ—the 1040 provides the most lengthy and complete calculation of your AGI, so we’ll use that form to illustrate how the calculation works.
Since you can’t calculate your AGI without first reporting income, the first step in the calculation is to add up all the income on your tax return. On the 1040, this is referred to as your “total income.”
Total income includes your employment wages, self-employment earnings, interest, dividends, state and local income tax refunds, alimony payments you receive from a former spouse, capital gains, unemployment compensation and a number of other items. Essentially, it includes all money you receive during the year that isn’t tax-exempt. From this total there are a number of deductions you can take that are known as “adjustments to income.” These are the only deductions you can claim to calculate your AGI.
The types of income adjustments can vary each tax year with some years offering more than others. However, adjustments typically include the deductible portion of self-employment tax payments you make, alimony that you provide to a former spouse, student loan interest and deductions for certain contributions you make to IRA accounts.
After evaluating your eligibility for each deduction and reporting the amount on your return, the sum of your income adjustments directly reduces your total income, and the result is your AGI. Now your AGI isn’t just an arbitrary number. The IRS frequently uses AGI as a threshold amount to determine your eligibility to take certain deductions and to calculate how big a deduction you can take.
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