Deducting Medical Expenses for a Major Illness or Injury
Most taxpayers know that medical expenses are deductible but few of us ever actually benefit from the deduction. The catch? This deduction has two high hurdles:
- You must itemize deductions to write off medical expenses, and only about one-third of taxpayers itemize.
- Medical costs are deductible only after they exceed 7.5 percent of your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI). So if your AGI is $50,000, the first $3,750 ($50,000 x 0.075) of unreimbursed medical expenses doesn't count.
Although it seems difficult to claim these deductions, there are situations when it actually works out. Mostly when:
- You expenses are high perhaps due to a serious illness or injury, or just needing braces for a couple of teenagers.
- Your AGI is low maybe due to low taxable retirement income or being out of work for part of the year.
If you combine these two, you have a “perfect” combination for deducting medical expenses.
This alphabet soup of health-saving-plans allows you to make tax free withdrawals for medical purchases. These plans include:
- Health Savings Accounts (HSA)
- Archer Medical Savings Accounts (MSA)
- Flexible Spending Accounts (FSA)
HSAs and MSAs require that you have a high deductible health plan and are established for paying medical expenses. Individuals can establish these plans and most anyone can contribute to them on behalf of the account beneficiary, Money in these accounts can grow tax free with withdrawals for qualifying medical expenses not subject to income tax.
FSAs are established by employers and are not required to be paired with a high deductible health plan. Although contributions can be made by both employers and employees, they are typically funded through payroll deductions.
Salary diverted into an FSA and then used to pay medical bills escapes both income and Social Security taxes. Although there is no legal limit on how much can be set aside, most companies limit contributions to $5,000 or less per year.
To illustrate the savings, if you set aside $5,000 in an FSA, it avoids being taxed as income. It also avoids the 7.65 percent Social Security and Medicare tax. If your tax rate is 25 percent, you would save more than $1,600. Any state tax savings would make this an even better deal.
Generally, you can change the contribution amount to you FSA account once a year. So if you are expecting an increase or decrease in medical bills you can plan ahead and make a change to your contribution.
Usually it isn’t a good idea to withdraw money from retirement plans before you retire. Sometimes you don’t have a choice when it comes to paying medical bills.
If you are under age 59½, the 10 percent penalty for early withdrawals from retirement plans is waived to the extent that you have qualifying medical expenses greater than 7.5 percent of your AGI. Even if you avoid the penalty, your withdrawals will be taxed as income.
If your condition results in your receiving benefits under a disability insurance policy, the taxability of the income depends on if the insurance premiums were paid with pre-tax or post-tax money.
Typically, premiums paid by your employer are with pre-tax money and therefore the income-benefits are taxable. If you paid the insurance premiums with money that has already been taxed then benefits are tax-free.
If you receive a settlement that includes money for medical expenses you deducted in an earlier year, the amount that you deducted is taxable in the year you receive it, but only to the extent that the deduction actually reduced your taxable income.
If a settlement includes funds for future medical expenses, the amount is not taxable, but you also cannot deduct the future medical expenses except for any amount that exceeds the award.
TurboTax Deluxe will help identify which of your medical expenses are deductible, and guide you through any other deductions and credits you have coming.
