What is IRS Schedule 1-A: New 2025 Form for Additional Deductions Explained
Discover the ins and outs of IRS Schedule 1-A, which is used to calculate and claim four new tax deductions created by the “One Big Beautiful Bill” (also known as the Working Families Tax Cut) for the 2025 to 2028 tax years. We’ll explain what Schedule 1-A is, who should use it, how it can reduce your taxable income, and more.
The One Big Beautiful Bill that passed includes permanently extending tax cuts from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, including increasing the cap on the amount of state and local or sales tax and property tax (SALT) that you can deduct, makes cuts to energy credits passed under the Inflation Reduction Act, makes changes to taxes on tips and overtime for certain workers, reforms Medicaid, increases the Debt ceiling, and reforms Pell Grants and student loans. Updates to this article are in process. Check our One Big Beautiful Bill article for more information.

Key Takeaways
- Schedule 1-A is used to calculate and claim deductions for tip income, overtime compensation, interest paid on car loans, and people who are at least 65 years old.
- The deductions claimed on Schedule 1-A, which were created by the “One Big Beautiful Bill,” are only available for the 2025 to 2028 tax years.
- Schedule 1-A contains six parts – one to calculate your modified adjusted gross income, four to calculate specific deductions, and one to determine the combined total of all deductions listed on the form.
- The deductions claimed on Schedule 1-A are “below-the-line” deductions, which means they don’t affect your adjusted gross income.
What Is Schedule 1-A (Form 1040)?
Schedule 1-A is an IRS form used to calculate and claim four tax deductions created by the “One Big Beautiful Bill” (also known as the Working Families Tax Cut). It was created to provide a single form taxpayers can use for all four deductions, which are available for the 2025 to 2028 tax years.
Since the deductions are available starting with the 2025 tax year, the new form will first be used during the 2026 tax filing season. That’s when 2025 federal income tax returns are filed. You can find a copy of the form on the IRS website.

Who Can Use Schedule 1-A?
Anyone who qualifies for one or more of the new tax deductions created by the “One Big Beautiful Bill” can use IRS Schedule 1-A. This generally includes:
- Workers who receive tips
- Workers earning overtime pay
- People who took out a loan to purchase a car assembled in the U.S.
- Seniors who are at least 65 year old
You can use Schedule 1-A whether you claim itemized deductions or the Standard Deduction.
What Deductions Are on Schedule 1-A?
Schedule 1-A is used to claim the following tax deductions:
- Tip Deduction (“No Tax on Tips”)
- Overtime Deduction (“No Tax on Overtime”)
- Car Loan Interest Deduction (“No Tax on Car Loan Interest”)
- Senior Deduction (“Enhanced Deduction for Seniors”)
The tip deduction is for workers who receive tips on the job. If you qualify, you can deduct up to $25,000 of your tips for the year.
Workers who put in extra hours may also be able to deduct up to $12,500 of overtime compensation earned for the year ($25,000 for married couples filing jointly).
If you took out a loan after 2024 to buy a new car, van, truck, or motorcycle, you may be able to deduct up to $10,000 of interest paid during the year on the loan. The vehicle’s final assembly point must be in the U.S. to qualify for the deduction.
Finally, if you’re at least 65 years old, you can claim a deduction of up to $6,000. If you’re married and your spouse is also 65 or older, you can claim up to $12,000 if you file jointly.
All four deductions can be reduced if your income is above a certain amount, but you can claim them whether you itemize or take the Standard Deduction. They’re also temporary – only applying for the 2025 to 2028 tax years.
For more details, see the IRS “fact sheet” on these deductions.
How Do You Fill Out Schedule 1-A?
Schedule 1-A contains six different parts, but you only need to complete the sections that apply to your situation. The parts you need to complete depend on which of the tax deductions listed on the form you want to claim.
Let’s take a look at each part to learn more about what they cover and who should complete them. If you use TurboTax to complete your tax return, you’ll be guided through the process and get the largest deductions you’re entitled to claim.
Part I - Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) Amount. This part is used to calculate your modified adjusted gross income, or MAGI for short. Since each of the four deductions claimed on Schedule 1-A are reduced if your MAGI is above a certain amount, everyone who files the form must complete this part.
Part II - No Tax on Tips. The Tip Deduction is calculated in this part. You should only complete this part if you received qualified tips during the tax year.
Part III - Not Tax on Overtime. This part is where the Overtime Deduction is calculated. Complete this part only if you received qualified overtime compensation during the year.
Part IV - No Tax on Car Loan Interest. Use this part to compute the deduction for car loan interest. Only taxpayers who paid or accrued interest on a qualified loan should fill in this section.
Part V - Enhanced Deduction for Seniors. This is where you calculate the Senior Deduction. Complete this part to claim the deduction if you, or your spouse if you’re filing a joint return, are at least 65 years old at the end of the tax year.
Part VI - Total Additional Deductions. The total amount of all deductions claimed on Schedule 1-A is calculated in this part. The combined total is then reported on Form 1040, where it’s subtracted from your adjusted gross income (AGI) along with other “below-the-line” deductions (that is, deductions that are claimed below the line on your tax return showing your AGI). Everyone filing Schedule 1-A must complete this part.
When and How Do You File Schedule 1-A?
Starting with the 2025 tax year, you can file Schedule 1-A if you’re claiming one or more of the following tax deductions:
- Tip Deduction
- Overtime Deduction
- Car Loan Interest Deduction
- Senior Deduction
Schedule 1-A must be submitted with your 1040 form, just like Schedule 1, Schedule A, and various other tax forms.
TurboTax Tip:
“If your 2025 W-2 or 1099 doesn't separately account for potentially deductible tips or overtime income, use other documents like pay stubs, IRS Form 4070A, or Form 4137 to accurately calculate your ‘No Tax on Tips’ or ‘No Tax on Overtime’ deductions on Schedule 1-A.” – Miguel Burgos, CPA, Washington
Tax returns for the 2025 tax year are due in 2026. Unless you get an extension, the deadline for filing Schedule 1-A and the rest of your 2025 federal income tax return is April 15, 2026.
How Does Schedule 1-A Compare to Schedule 1 and Schedule A?
IRS Schedule 1-A, Schedule 1, and Schedule A are all used to claim federal income tax deductions – but different types of deductions.
Schedule 1-A is used to calculate and claim the four “below-the-line” tax deductions created by the “One Big Beautiful Bill” for the 2025 to 2028 tax years. As below-the-line deductions, they are reported on Form 1040 below the line for your adjusted gross income (that’s how below-the-line deductions got their name). As a result, they don’t impact your AGI – but they do lower your overall taxable income.
On the other hand, Schedule 1 is used to claim “above-the-line” deductions (and to report certain types of non-wage income). As you may have guessed by their name, these deductions are reported on Form 1040 above the line for AGI. They’re actually subtracted from your gross income to arrive at AGI. Since they reduce your AGI (which also means less taxable income), above-the-line deductions can help you qualify for or increase other tax breaks that have AGI-based requirements or limitations.
Finally, Schedule A is used to claim itemized deductions, which are a special kind of below-the-line deduction. What makes them different from the below-the-line deductions claimed on Schedule 1-A is that you can’t claim itemized deductions if you take the Standard Deduction. In other words, you have to pick between claiming itemized deductions or the Standard Deduction (you can pick the larger amount).
|
Feature |
Schedule 1-A |
Schedule 1 |
Schedule A |
|
Type of Deductions |
Below-the-Line |
Above-the-Line |
Itemized |
|
Lowers AGI |
No |
Yes |
No |
|
Lowers Taxable Income |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Calculate Deductions on Form |
Yes |
No |
No (generally) |
For more information on the different types of deductions – including itemized deductions, “above-the-line” deductions, and “below-the-line” deductions – check out our guide to tax deductions.
Frequently Asked Questions About IRS Schedule 1-A
Q1: Can I file Schedule 1-A if I take the Standard Deduction?
You can file Schedule 1-A and claim the deductions on the form whether you take the Standard Deduction or itemize. Standard Deduction vs. Itemized Deductions: Which Is Better for You?
Q2: What deductions are below the line in 2025?
For the 2025 tax year, the following below-the-line deductions are available:
- Standard Deduction (unless you claim itemized deductions on Schedule A)
- Itemized deductions on Schedule A (unless you claim the Standard Deduction), including deductions for:
- Medical expenses
- State and local taxes
- Home mortgage interest
- Investment interest
- Gifts to charity
- Casualty and theft losses
- Gambling losses
- Impairment-related work expenses of a disabled person.
- Qualified Business Income Deduction
- Additional deductions on Schedule 1-A, which includes deductions for:
- Tip income
- Overtime pay
- Car loan interest
- Seniors
These deductions are subtracted from your adjusted gross income to determine your taxable income. Check out our guide to tax deductions for more information.
Q3: How does Schedule 1-A affect AGI?
Schedule 1-A does not affect your adjusted gross income. All the deductions claimed on Schedule 1-A are “below-the-line” deductions, which do not impact AGI. See how to figure you AGI.
Q4: How is MAGI calculated on Schedule 1-A?
For purposes of the Schedule 1-A deductions, “modified adjusted gross income” is equal to the adjusted gross income reported on your Form 1040, plus any deduction or exemption claimed for:
- foreign earned income
- foreign housing costs
- income for residents of Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, or Puerto Rico
What’s the difference between AGI and MAGI on your taxes?
Q5: Can TurboTax fill out Schedule 1-A automatically?
TurboTax will automatically fill out Schedule 1-A if you qualify for any of the deductions claimed on the form. The software will ask you questions to determine if you qualify, and ensure all eligible deductions are claimed. See the different ways TurboTax can help you file your taxes.






